OLD TESTAMENT

Jeremiah 49

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1

Of the children of Ammon. The LORD says: “Has Israel no sons? Has he no heir? Why then does Malcam possess Gad, and his people dwell in its cities?

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 1. Melchom, the idol of the Ammonites. Challoner.—Gad, to whom a part of their country was assigned. After the captivity this tribe, the Ammonites seized the country, regardless of God’s appointment. They joined the Chaldees afterwards; but the latter could not depend upon them, and sent them into captivity, to revenge the death of Godolias. Calmet. 41:2. Zephaniah 2:8. Ezekiel 25:3. Calmet.—They had taken the country as their right, as if all Israel had perished; which God resents. Worthington.

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2

Therefore behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that I will cause an alarm of war to be heard against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and it will become a desolate heap, and her daughters will be burned with fire; then Israel will possess those who possessed him,” says the LORD.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 2. Rabbath; called Amana, Astarte, and Philadelphia, by Stephanus.—Possess; returning first from captivity, and subduing the cities of Ammon, under Hyrcan. 1 Maccabees 5:6.

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3

“Wail, Heshbon, for Ai is laid waste! Cry, you daughters of Rabbah! Clothe yourself in sackcloth. Lament, and run back and forth among the fences; for Malcam will go into captivity, his priests and his princes together.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 3. Hai, or Je-abarim. Both these cities pertained also to Moab.—Hedges. Hebrew Gederoth, may be the city Gadara.—Melchom, or Moloc, who claimed dominion over this people. If they had used their reason, they must have seen that he was no god, since the Lord disposed of him as he pleased so long before.

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4

Why do you boast in the valleys, your flowing valley, backsliding daughter? You trusted in her treasures, saying, ‘Who will come to me?’

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 4. Delicate. Hebrew “rebel or dissolute.” Septuagint “impudent.”

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5

Behold, I will bring a terror on you,” says the Lord, GOD of Armies, “from all who are around you. All of you will be driven completely out, and there will be no one to gather together the fugitives.

6

“But afterward I will reverse the captivity of the children of Ammon,” says the LORD.

7

Of Edom, the LORD of Armies says: “Is wisdom no more in Teman? Has counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom vanished?

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 7. Edom. This nation was involved in the common ruin, for its barbarity towards God’s people. Abd. x. Psalms 136:7. Ezekiel 25:12.—Theman, renowned formerly for wisdom. Job 2:11. Yet at the approach of danger, all were confounded. Calmet.—They were only worldly wise. Worthington.

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8

Flee! Turn back! Dwell in the depths, inhabitants of Dedan; for I will bring the calamity of Esau on him when I visit him.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 8. Hole. The territory of Edom, from Eleutheropolis to Elath, is full of such. Saint Jerome in Abd.—Dedan lies south of the Dead Sea. Calmet.

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9

If grape gatherers came to you, would they not leave some gleaning grapes? If thieves came by night, wouldn’t they steal until they had enough?

10

But I have made Esau bare, I have uncovered his secret places, and he will not be able to hide himself. His offspring is destroyed, with his brothers and his neighbors; and he is no more.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 10. Secrets, or lurking holes. verse 8. Bible.—God permits the Chaldees to plunder all.—Brethren; Israelites.—Neighbours; Moab, and so forth

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11

Leave your fatherless children. I will preserve them alive. Let your widows trust in me.”

12

For the LORD says: “Behold, they to whom it didn’t pertain to drink of the cup will certainly drink; and are you he who will altogether go unpunished? You won’t go unpunished, but you will surely drink.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 12. Was not so much. There were some faithful Jews. Calmet. 25:28. Calmet.

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13

For I have sworn by myself,” says the LORD, “that Bozrah will become an astonishment, a reproach, a waste, and a curse. All its cities will be perpetual wastes.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 13. Bosra, different from that of Ammon; (Calmet. 48:24. Cellar. iii. 14.) though this may be doubtful. Could such a city be unknown?

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14

I have heard news from the LORD, and an ambassador is sent among the nations, saying, “Gather yourselves together! Come against her! Rise up to the battle!”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 14. Ambassador; Jeremias: or rather this is a personification of the passions, which would sufficiently prompt the Chaldees. Calmet.—A good angel might urge them to execute the divine decrees. Theodoret.—The greatest armies are thus made use of by Providence, without approving of their malicious designs.

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15

“For, behold, I have made you small among the nations, and despised among men.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 15. Little. Edom was scarcely known, except in sacred history; and it was forced to receive circumcision by the Machabees.

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16

As for your terror, the pride of your heart has deceived you, O you who dwell in the clefts of the rock, who hold the height of the hill, though you should make your nest as high as the eagle, I will bring you down from there,” says the LORD.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 16. Hill. The mountains were numerous, and full of caverns. verse 8.

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17

“Edom will become an astonishment. Everyone who passes by it will be astonished, and will hiss at all its plagues.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 17. Desolate. The few who survived left their ancient territories, which are now a desert, like most of Stony Arabia. Calmet.—Hiss, out of contempt. The punishment was so great as to excite surprise. Worthington.

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18

As in the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and its neighbor cities,” says the LORD, “no man will dwell there, neither will any son of man live therein.

19

“Behold, he will come up like a lion from the pride of the Jordan against the strong habitation; for I will suddenly make them run away from it, and whoever is chosen, I will appoint him over it. For who is like me? Who will appoint me a time? Who is the shepherd who will stand before me?”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 19. Swelling. Lit. “pride;” ( Bible.) or those banks which the Jordan reaches, when it overflows. They are lined with woods, from which lions rush to devour the sheep. Calmet.—Strong “one’s dwelling.” Hebrew Bible. Zechariah 11:3.—Over her. What sort of men come to the attack? or, who shall dare resist them? Calmet.

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20

Therefore hear the counsel of the LORD, that he has taken against Edom, and his purposes that he has purposed against the inhabitants of Teman: Surely they will drag them away, the little ones of the flock. Surely he will make their habitation desolate over them.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 20. Little. Chal. “chiefs of the people.” Tsair ( Bible.) is supposed to have this sense. Mic. 5:2. Calmet.—But the weakest of the Chaldees will be an overmatch for Edom. Bible.

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21

The earth trembles at the noise of their fall; there is a cry, the noise which is heard in the Red Sea.

22

Behold, he will come up and fly as the eagle, and spread out his wings against Bozrah. The heart of the mighty men of Edom at that day will be as the heart of a woman in her pangs.

23

Of Damascus: “Hamath and Arpad are confounded, for they have heard evil news. They have melted away. There is sorrow on the sea. It can’t be quiet.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 23. Damascus, the capital of Syria. Isaiah 7:8. Worthington.—It was punished at the same time as the rest. Jos.—Arphad; Arad, an island near Tyre, or Raphanæ. Theod.—Syr. “Rephad … they are troubled from the sea.” Nabuchodonosor left Tyre to invade them. Calmet.—As in. The islands of the Mediterranean tremble for themselves, and all Syria is afraid, hearing of the fall of so many cities and nations.

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24

Damascus has grown feeble, she turns herself to flee, and trembling has seized her. Anguish and sorrows have taken hold of her, as of a woman in travail.

25

How is the city of praise not forsaken, the city of my joy?

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 25. They. Hebrew Septuagint and Chal. add, “not.” Why have they not spared this beautiful city? or, why have not its citizens given it up, to prevent its entire demolition?

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26

Therefore her young men will fall in her streets, and all the men of war will be brought to silence in that day,” says the LORD of Armies.

27

“I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus, and it will devour the palaces of Ben Hadad.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 27. Benadad. So the kings were usually styled. 3 Kennicott. 15:8. Septuagint “the son of Ader.”

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28

Of Kedar, and of the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck, The LORD says: “Arise, go up to Kedar, and destroy the children of the east.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 28. Cedar and Asor were parts of Arabia; which, with Moab, Ammon, Edom, and so forth were all brought under the yoke of Nabuchodonosor. Challoner.—We know nothing of the situation of Asor, which means “a court.” Calmet.—It might be the flying camp (Theod.) of the Saracens, (Saint Jerome in Is. xxi. 16) who dwelt under tents like the hordes of Tartars, the Ethiopian emperor, and the mogul. Yet this seems to have been a fixed habitation. verse 30. 33.—East; the Desert Arabia. verse 32. Calmet.—Cedar was the son of Ismael, and Asor the chief city of the Agarens. Worthington.

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29

They will take their tents and their flocks. they will carry away for themselves their curtains, all their vessels, and their camels; and they will cry to them, ‘Terror on every side!’

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 29. About. The enemy shall terrify them, and plunder all their riches.

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30

Flee! Wander far off! Dwell in the depths, you inhabitants of Hazor,” says the LORD; “for Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has taken counsel against you, and has conceived a purpose against you.

31

Arise! Go up to a nation that is at ease, that dwells without care,” says the LORD; “that has neither gates nor bars, that dwells alone.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 31. Alone. We need not fear any resistance. They have no allies. Calmet.—The ancient Suevi, of Germany, laid waste the surrounding countries, that they might appear more terrible. Cesar iv. and vi.

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32

Their camels will be a booty, and the multitude of their livestock a plunder. I will scatter to all winds those who have the corners of their beards cut off; and I will bring their calamity from every side of them,” says the LORD.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 32. Wind; throughout the world.—Round. Calmet. 9:26. Calmet.—This the Arabs did, in imitation of Bacchus. Herod. iii. 8.

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33

Hazor will be a dwelling place of jackals, a desolation forever. No man will dwell there, neither will any son of man live therein.”

34

The LORD’s word that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning Elam, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 34. Elam. A part of Persia. Challoner.—The Elamites had besieged Jerusalem, under Manasses, ( Calmet.) and are therefore punished. Worthington.—They were subject to Aseradon: Nabuchodonosor subdued them after the other nations. verse 36. Cyrus set his countrymen at liberty, ( Calmet.) and thus began his conquests. Bible.—Pagan historians assert, at random, that they were before subject to the Medes.

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35

“The LORD of Armies says: ‘Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might.

36

I will bring on Elam the four winds from the four quarters of the sky, and will scatter them toward all those winds. There will be no nation where the outcasts of Elam will not come.

37

I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and before those who seek their life. I will bring evil on them, even my fierce anger,’ says the LORD; ‘and I will send the sword after them, until I have consumed them.

38

I will set my throne in Elam, and will destroy from there king and princes,’ says the LORD.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 38. Thence. Daniel (8:2) governed at Susa, the capital of Elam, for Baltassar.

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39

‘But it will happen in the latter days that I will reverse the captivity of Elam,’ says the LORD.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 39. Return. They joined the standards of Cyrus, and became masters of the East. Calmet.—This and similar texts are understood of the conversion of the Gentiles. Acts 2:7. Worthington.

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