OLD TESTAMENT

Jeremiah 44

The Holy Bible · English
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1

The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews who lived in the land of Egypt, who lived at Migdol, and at Tahpanhes, and at Memphis, and in the country of Pathros, saying,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 1. Magdal, the third station of the Israelites, (Exodus 14:2) or another “tower” twelve miles from Pelusium. Calmet. 46:14.—Memphis, the capital of Nome, near the western banks of the Nile, and famous for its pyramids, which are standing, though the town be no more. Calmet. 46:19.—Phatures; perhaps in higher Egypt. Jeremias might go or send to these cities, this his last prediction, ( Calmet.) to reclaim his countrymen from idolatry. Bible.

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2

“The LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: ‘You have seen all the evil that I have brought on Jerusalem, and on all the cities of Judah. Behold, today they are a desolation, and no man dwells in them,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 2. Inhabitant: or the number is exceedingly small. Calmet.—All the Jews had retired. Bible.—It would be well if people would reflect, how those who have given way to heresy and infidelity have been treated. Worthington.

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3

because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, to serve other gods that they didn’t know, neither they, nor you, nor your fathers.

4

However I sent to you all my servants the prophets, rising up early and sending them, saying, “Oh, don’t do this abominable thing that I hate.”

5

But they didn’t listen and didn’t incline their ear. They didn’t turn from their wickedness, to stop burning incense to other gods.

6

Therefore my wrath and my anger was poured out, and was kindled in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; and they are wasted and desolate, as it is today.’

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 6. Forth, drop by drop. Calmet. 42:18. I have repeatedly warned them by punishments. Bible.

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7

“Therefore now the LORD, the God of Armies, the God of Israel, says: ‘Why do you commit great evil against your own souls, to cut off from yourselves man and woman, infant and nursing child out of the middle of Judah, to leave yourselves no one remaining,

8

in that you provoke me to anger with the works of your hands, burning incense to other gods in the land of Egypt where you have gone to live, that you may be cut off, and that you may be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth?

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 8. Gods. Their blindness and malice was inconceivable. They attribute their past miseries to the neglect of worshipping the moon! verse 18. They may be compared to a mixture of iron and brass, which is put through the crucible in vain. Calmet. 6:29. Ezekiel 22:18.

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9

Have you forgotten the wickedness of your fathers, the wickedness of the kings of Judah, the wickedness of their wives, your own wickedness, and the wickedness of your wives which they committed in the land of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem?

10

They are not humbled even to this day, neither have they feared, nor walked in my law, nor in my statutes, that I set before you and before your fathers.’

11

“Therefore the LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: ‘Behold, I will set my face against you for evil, even to cut off all Judah.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 11. Face, to punish grievously. Ezekiel 4:3 and 20:35. Calmet.—All did not perish, but the far greatest part. verse 14. 28. Worthington.

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12

I will take the remnant of Judah that have set their faces to go into the land of Egypt to live there, and they will all be consumed. They will fall in the land of Egypt. They will be consumed by the sword and by the famine. They will die, from the least even to the greatest, by the sword and by the famine. They will be an object of horror, an astonishment, a curse, and a reproach.

13

For I will punish those who dwell in the land of Egypt, as I have punished Jerusalem, by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence;

14

so that none of the remnant of Judah, who have gone into the land of Egypt to live there, will escape or be left to return into the land of Judah, to which they have a desire to return to dwell there; for no one will return except those who will escape.’”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 14. Desire and expectation. Calmet. 22:27. They meant to return as soon as the Chaldees had left the country: but their hose were vain. The enemy would fall upon Egypt, after he had taken Tyre and the neighbouring provinces; and those who had not abandoned that country in time, would perish. verse 12. 26. Calmet.

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15

Then all the men who knew that their wives burned incense to other gods, and all the women who stood by, a great assembly, even all the people who lived in the land of Egypt, in Pathros, answered Jeremiah, saying,

16

“As for the word that you have spoken to us in the LORD’s name, we will not listen to you.

17

But we will certainly perform every word that has gone out of our mouth, to burn incense to the queen of the sky and to pour out drink offerings to her, as we have done, we and our fathers, our kings and our princes, in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; for then we had plenty of food, and were well, and saw no evil.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 17. The queen of heaven; the moon, which they worshipped under this name, ( Challoner.) as also under that of the Celestial Venus, (Theod.) Diana, and Isis. It seems the Jews had engaged by vow (verse 27) to restore her worship. Calmet.—The women more particularly adored the moon: yet all were guilty. Calmet. 7:18 and 4 Kennicott. 23:5. Worthington.

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18

But since we stopped burning incense to the queen of the sky, and pouring out drink offerings to her, we have lacked all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 18. Famine. They think nothing of the transgression of the law, and so forth verse 23. Could obduracy and blindness go greater lengths? 1 Maccabees 1:12.

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19

The women said, “When we burned incense to the queen of the sky and poured out drink offerings to her, did we make her cakes to worship her, and pour out drink offerings to her, without our husbands?”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 19. Worship. Hebrew “to represent.” The cakes had a crescent on them. Calmet. See Hesychius in σεληναι.—Husbands. The women are most zealous. But all partook of this idolatry. Calmet. 7:18. Calmet.

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20

Then Jeremiah said to all the people—to the men and to the women, even to all the people who had given him an answer, saying,

21

“The incense that you burned in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, you and your fathers, your kings and your princes, and the people of the land, didn’t the LORD remember them, and didn’t it come into his mind?

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 21. Heart, or mind to punish you for idolatry. Sacrifices could be offered to the Lord only in his temple. Bible.

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22

Thus the LORD could no longer bear it, because of the evil of your doings and because of the abominations which you have committed. Therefore your land has become a desolation, an astonishment, and a curse, without inhabitant, as it is today.

23

Because you have burned incense and because you have sinned against the LORD, and have not obeyed the LORD’s voice, nor walked in his law, nor in his statutes, nor in his testimonies; therefore this evil has happened to you, as it is today.”

24

Moreover Jeremiah said to all the people, including all the women, “Hear the LORD’s word, all Judah who are in the land of Egypt!

25

The LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says, ‘You and your wives have both spoken with your mouths, and with your hands have fulfilled it, saying, “We will surely perform our vows that we have vowed, to burn incense to the queen of the sky, and to pour out drink offerings to her.” “‘Establish then your vows, and perform your vows.’

26

“Therefore hear the LORD’s word, all Judah who dwell in the land of Egypt: ‘Behold, I have sworn by my great name,’ says the LORD, ‘that my name will no more be named in the mouth of any man of Judah in all the land of Egypt, saying, “As the Lord GOD lives.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 26. Liveth. They swore by his name as by that of idols. God could not abide such company. Calmet.—Not one of these obstinate Jews shall be spared. verse 14. Others, like Jeremias, the Septuagint and the holy family, no doubt called upon the Lord in the land of Egypt. Bible.

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27

Behold, I watch over them for evil, and not for good; and all the men of Judah who are in the land of Egypt will be consumed by the sword and by the famine, until they are all gone.

28

Those who escape the sword will return out of the land of Egypt into the land of Judah few in number. All the remnant of Judah, who have gone into the land of Egypt to live there, will know whose word will stand, mine or theirs.

29

“‘This will be the sign to you,’ says the LORD, ‘that I will punish you in this place, that you may know that my words will surely stand against you for evil.’

30

The LORD says, ‘Behold, I will give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek his life, just as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, who was his enemy and sought his life.’”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 30. Enemies. Herodotus (ii. 161. 169.) informs us that Apries reigned fortunately twenty-five years, when he lost many of his men fighting against the Cyreneans, and was dethroned by Amasis, and strangled by his subjects. Usher ( A. 3433) suspects that Amasis was assisted and confirmed by Nabuchodonosor, and he might this fulfill the prophecies. Calmet. 43:11. and so forth Ezekiel 29. and so forth Josephus (Ant. x. 11.) and Berosus (c. Ap. i.) assert, that Nabuchodonosor defeated and slew the king of Egypt, though Herodotus is silent on this subject, his account being communicated by the Egyptian priests, and full of fables. Calmet.

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