OLD TESTAMENT

Jeremiah 50

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1

The word that the LORD spoke concerning Babylon, concerning the land of the Chaldeans, by Jeremiah the prophet.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 1. Prophet. He had spoken against them in the fourth year of Joachim, and now is more explicit in the fourth of Sedecias, (Calmet. 51:60) sending his predictions to be read, and then thrown into the Euphrates. The fall of Babylon was gradual. It was in consequence of her pride and cruelty, verse 11, 17, 23, 29. Isaiah 47:6. Calmet.—It had shewn the greatest enmity to the Jews, and was at last overthrown by the Medes and Persians. Worthington.

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2

“Declare among the nations and publish, and set up a standard; publish, and don’t conceal; say, ‘Babylon has been taken, Bel is disappointed, Merodach is dismayed! Her images are disappointed. Her idols are dismayed.’

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 2. Declare. This is grand. Let all the captives publish these tidings. Calmet.—Bel, and so forth Bel and Merodach were worshipped for gods by the men of Babylon. Challoner.—Merodach might be an ancient king deified. Calmet.—These greatest of their idols could neither save the people nor themselves. Worthington.

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3

For a nation comes up out of the north against her, which will make her land desolate, and no one will dwell in it. They have fled. They are gone, both man and animal.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 3. A nation, and so forth that is the Medes, ( Challoner.) under Darius, (Daniel 5:31. Theod. Grot.) or rather under Cyrus, who came upon Babylon from the north, after conquering Asia; though he was born to the east of that city. Isaiah 61:2 7. He was a Mede by his mother, and ruler of that nation. He gave liberty to the Jews, as the prophet inculcates ten times.—Desolate. Herodotus. Xenophon, and so forth say not that Cyrus demolished any part of the city; but Berosus informs us that he took it without opposition, and levelled the outer walls. Hystaspes did more damage. Herod. iii. 150.

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4

“In those days, and in that time,” says the LORD, “the children of Israel will come, they and the children of Judah together; they will go on their way weeping, and will seek the LORD their God.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 4. Weeping for joy and compunction. Israel returns, as well as Juda. Calmet.—Thus Joseph wept when he beheld his brethren. Genesis 42:24. Worthington.

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5

They will inquire concerning Zion with their faces turned toward it, saying, ‘Come, and join yourselves to the LORD in an everlasting covenant that will not be forgotten.’

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 5. Covenant. They renewed the old one under Nehemias, and never publicly broke it, as they had done. Yet the covenant of Christ is more properly meant.

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6

My people have been lost sheep. Their shepherds have caused them to go astray. They have turned them away on the mountains. They have gone from mountain to hill. They have forgotten their resting place.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 6. Shepherds; kings, ( Calmet.) and false prophets. Bible.

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7

All who found them have devoured them. Their adversaries said, ‘We are not guilty, because they have sinned against the LORD, the habitation of righteousness, even the LORD, the hope of their fathers.’

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 7. Not sinned: the Jews were such notorious offenders. But in what had they injured the Chaldees?—Beauty. Hebrew “dwelling or fold.”

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8

“Flee out of the middle of Babylon! Go out of the land of the Chaldeans, and be as the male goats before the flocks.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 8. Kids; rams. This comparison was not ignoble. Go boldly out of the city, before it be besieged.

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9

For, behold, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they will set themselves in array against her. She will be taken from there. Their arrows will be as of an expert mighty man. None of them will return in vain.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 9. Nations. Cyrus had Armenians, and so forth in his army. Calmet.—Thence, by the bed of the Euphrates, the waters of which were mostly let out into the marshes. Thus the city was taken, while the people were feasting. Herod. i. 191.—Aristotle (Pol. iii. 3.) says, three days passed before all the citizens were apprised of its fate, it was so extensive: but this is incredible. If we follow the account of Berosus, Cyrus routed Nabonides, who fled to Borsippe, while he took Babylon and demolished the outer walls. Jos. c. Ap. i. Calmet.—North, with respect to Babylon. Worthington.—The Persians lay rather to the south, and to the east of Palestine, ( Bible.) if our maps be accurate. Calmet.

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10

Chaldea will be a prey. All who prey on her will be satisfied,” says the LORD.

11

“Because you are glad, because you rejoice, O you who plunder my heritage, because you are wanton as a heifer that treads out the grain, and neigh as strong horses,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 11. Bulls. You have rioted in Juda, and treated my people cruelly. Bible.—In Hebrew four verbs have improperly i for v; but Calmet. 51:34. v supplants i five times. Kennicott.

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12

your mother will be utterly disappointed. She who bore you will be confounded. Behold, she will be the least of the nations, a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 12. Dust, like a suppliant. Isaiah 47:1. Calmet.—Dry. The country shall be equally unfruitful. The waters of the Euphrates being let off, gave a passage to the enemy. verse 9. Bible.—Babylon soon lost its splendour. Calmet.—Vologeses completed its ruin. Pliny vi. 26.—It ceased to be the metropolis or mother city. Bible.—The whole country was laid waste. Worthington.

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13

Because of the LORD’s wrath she won’t be inhabited, but she will be wholly desolate. Everyone who goes by Babylon will be astonished, and hiss at all her plagues.

14

Set yourselves in array against Babylon all around, all you who bend the bow; shoot at her. Spare no arrows, for she has sinned against the LORD.

15

Shout against her all around. She has submitted herself. Her bulwarks have fallen. Her walls have been thrown down, for it is the vengeance of the LORD. Take vengeance on her. As she has done, do to her.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 15. Hand, to form leagues; or she faints, (Sept.) and submits. Lamentations 5:6.

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16

Cut off the sower from Babylon, and him who handles the sickle in the time of harvest. For fear of the oppressing sword, they will each return to their own people, and they will each flee to their own land.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 16. Harvest. Such were usually unmolested. Calmet.—Babylon was so large, that people sowed corn within the walls. Curt. v.—The environs were well cultivated. Pliny xviii. 17.—Dove, or the destroyer; for the Hebrew word signifies either the one or the other. Challoner. Calmet. 25:38 and 46:16.—Lit. “from before the sword of the dove.” The power of Babylon is no more. Bible.—The king is compared to a dove, for his swiftness; or God is meek, though terrible. Worthington.—Land. The other nations were set free as well as the Jews. Calmet.

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17

“Israel is a hunted sheep. The lions have driven him away. First, the king of Assyria devoured him, and now at last Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has broken his bones.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 17. Bones. He completely ruined the nation, which the Assyrians had left. Bible.—They led the ten tribes away, and the Chaldees took the rest. 4 Kennicott. 18 and 25. Worthington.

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18

Therefore the LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: “Behold, I will punish the king of Babylon and his land, as I have punished the king of Assyria.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 18. Assyria. This monarchy was subdued by Nabopolasser.

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19

I will bring Israel again to his pasture, and he will feed on Carmel and Bashan. His soul will be satisfied on the hills of Ephraim and in Gilead.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 19. Israel; the ten tribes, whose country is specified.

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20

In those days, and in that time,” says the LORD, “the iniquity of Israel will be sought for, and there will be none, also the sins of Judah, and they won’t be found; for I will pardon them whom I leave as a remnant.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 20. None. Idolatry shall not be re-established.

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21

“Go up against the land of Merathaim, even against it, and against the inhabitants of Pekod. Kill and utterly destroy after them,” says the LORD, “and do according to all that I have commanded you.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 21. Rulers: the most potent empire of Babylon.—All. Hebrew “anathematize them and their posterity.”

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22

A sound of battle is in the land, and of great destruction.

23

How the hammer of the whole earth is cut apart and broken! How Babylon has become a desolation among the nations!

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 23. Hammer. The violent injustice of the Chaldees is thus entitled.

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24

I have laid a snare for you, and you are also taken, Babylon, and you weren’t aware. You are found, and also caught, because you have fought against the LORD.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 24. Aware. Men seemed to rise out of the earth. verse 9.

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25

The LORD has opened his armory, and has brought out the weapons of his indignation; for the Lord, GOD of Armies, has a work to do in the land of the Chaldeans.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 25. Armoury. Fire and war are the Lord’s weapons. Job 38:22.—Work: punishment. Calmet. 48:10.

EXPLANATION

When rendered in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, “LORD” or “GOD” is the translation of God’s Proper Name (Hebrew “יהוה”, usually pronounced Yahweh).

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26

Come against her from the farthest border. Open her storehouses. Cast her up as heaps. Destroy her utterly. Let nothing of her be left.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 26. That. Hebrew “her granaries; trample on her as on heaps of corn, destroy,” and so forth He alludes to the custom of oxen trampling out the corn. Calmet. 51:33.

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27

Kill all her bulls. Let them go down to the slaughter. Woe to them! For their day has come, the time of their visitation.

28

Listen to those who flee and escape out of the land of Babylon, to declare in Zion the vengeance of the LORD our God, the vengeance of his temple.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 28. Voice. I hear the captives proclaiming this at their return.

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29

“Call together the archers against Babylon, all those who bend the bow. Encamp against her all around. Let none of it escape. Pay her back according to her work. According to all that she has done, do to her; for she has been proud against the LORD, against the Holy One of Israel.

30

Therefore her young men will fall in her streets. All her men of war will be brought to silence in that day,” says the LORD.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 30. Peace, in the grave; ( Calmet.) or shall submit quietly. 1 Maccabees 1:3. Bible.

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31

“Behold, I am against you, you proud one,” says the Lord, GOD of Armies; “for your day has come, the time that I will visit you.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 31. Proud. So the Chaldees are often styled in the Psalms. 100.—The prophet addresses Nabuchodonosor, or rather Baltassar, ( Menochius.) under whom the city was taken, (Jos. and so forth) by Darius and Cyrus. He may be the Nabonides of Berosus, the question is so much perplexed. Yet “we are convinced that Darius reigned at Babylon before Cyrus, and took the city after the death of Baltassar.” Calmet.—Most commentators are of a difficult opinion. Bible.

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32

The proud one will stumble and fall, and no one will raise him up. I will kindle a fire in his cities, and it will devour all who are around him.”

33

The LORD of Armies says: “The children of Israel and the children of Judah are oppressed together. All who took them captive hold them fast. They refuse to let them go.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 33. Israel. Samaria had been destroyed forty-four years before the fourth of Joakim, from which period many of Juda had been captives seventy years, till Cyrus became their deliverer, and chastised the Chaldees. Calmet.—Both kingdoms had been oppressed by a strong hand, till a stronger, even God himself, delivered them. Worthington.

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34

Their Redeemer is strong. The LORD of Armies is his name. He will thoroughly plead their cause, that he may give rest to the earth, and disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 34. Name. He gives victory to Cyrus. Thus the Lord directs all for the sake of his elect, and laughs at the vain projects of men. Calmet.

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35

“A sword is on the Chaldeans,” says the LORD, “and on the inhabitants of Babylon, on her princes, and on her wise men.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 35. Wise men. They were styled Chaldees, and inhabited a certain part of the city, being employed in astronomical and mathematical observations. They disapproved of those who cast nativities. Strabo xvi.

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36

A sword is on the boasters, and they will become fools. A sword is on her mighty men, and they will be dismayed.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 36. Diviners. Hebrew “impostors.” They were nowhere more plentiful. Daniel 1:20. Fortune-tellers were consulted on every occasion. The eastern nations are still much addicted to this superstition.

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37

A sword is on their horses, on their chariots, and on all the mixed people who are in the middle of her; and they will become as women. A sword is on her treasures, and they will be robbed.

38

A drought is on her waters, and they will be dried up; for it is a land of engraved images, and they are mad over idols.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 38. Drought. Cyrus almost drained the Euphrates. Calmet. 51:42. Isaiah 21.—Things, fit to terrify children. Baruch 6:14. Calmet.—Prot. “they are made upon their idols.” Bible.

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39

Therefore the wild animals of the desert with the wolves will dwell there. The ostriches will dwell therein. It will be inhabited no more forever, neither will it be lived in from generation to generation.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 39. Fig-fauns. Monsters of the desert, or demons in monstrous shapes; such as the ancients called fauns and satyrs: and as they imagined them to live upon wild figs, they called them fauni-ficarii, or fig-fauns. Challoner.—Maldonat reads sicariis, “ruffians.” Sixtus V. and S. Jerom, (in Isaiah 13:21) have fatuis, “foolish wild men.” Hebrew “the Tsiim iwth the iim shall dwell there, and the daughters of the Yahana ( Bible. swans) shall there reside,” or “fishermen among the rushes shall dwell,” and so forth—Ever. Its situation is unknown. There is still a town of the same name, but not in the same place.

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40

As when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah and its neighbor cities,” says the LORD, “so no man will dwell there, neither will any son of man live therein.

41

“Behold, a people comes from the north. A great nation and many kings will be stirred up from the uttermost parts of the earth.

42

They take up bow and spear. They are cruel, and have no mercy. Their voice roars like the sea. They ride on horses, everyone set in array, as a man to the battle, against you, daughter of Babylon.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 42. Cruel. The Medes will not spare for money. verse 3. Isaiah 13:7.

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43

The king of Babylon has heard the news of them, and his hands become feeble. Anguish has taken hold of him, pains as of a woman in labor.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 43. King. Baltassar, (though he was succeeded by Darius) or Nabonides. verse 31. Calmet.

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44

Behold, the enemy will come up like a lion from the thickets of the Jordan against the strong habitation; for I will suddenly make them run away from it. Whoever is chosen, I will appoint him over it, for who is like me? Who will appoint me a time? Who is the shepherd who can stand before me?”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 44. And beautiful. Hebrew “habitation.” Bible.—He will rush into the fold. Calmet. 49:19. Calmet.—The king of Babylon had ruined many. Others shall destroy him, rushing on like the Jordan. Worthington.

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45

Therefore hear the counsel of the LORD that he has taken against Babylon; and his purposes that he has purposed against the land of the Chaldeans: Surely they will drag them away, even the little ones of the flock. Surely he will make their habitation desolate over them.

46

The earth trembles at the noise of the taking of Babylon. The cry is heard among the nations.