“Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture!” says the LORD.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 1. Pastors. Successors of Josias ( Calmet.) and false prophets. Menochius.
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“Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture!” says the LORD.
Verse 1. Pastors. Successors of Josias ( Calmet.) and false prophets. Menochius.
Therefore the LORD, the God of Israel, says against the shepherds who feed my people: “You have scattered my flock, driven them away, and have not visited them. Behold, I will visit on you the evil of your doings,” says the LORD.
“I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all the countries where I have driven them, and will bring them again to their folds; and they will be fruitful and multiply.
Verse 3. Multiplied. The prophets subjoin tidings of peace to such as might cause affliction. Theodoret.
I will set up shepherds over them who will feed them. They will no longer be afraid or dismayed, neither will any be lacking,” says the LORD.
Verse 4–5. Pastors; Zorobabel, and so forth as figures of Christ, and of the pastors of his Church.—No more, as much as formerly. So many expressions must be understood.—Branch. Septuagint “orient.”—Reign. Zorobabel was not chief governor, ( Calmet.) though at the head of his tribe. Bible.—The kingdom of Christ was not of this world. John 18:36. Calmet.—He alone imparts justice to others. Worthington.
“Behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that I will raise to David a righteous Branch; and he will reign as king and deal wisely, and will execute justice and righteousness in the land.
Verse 4–5. Pastors; Zorobabel, and so forth as figures of Christ, and of the pastors of his Church.—No more, as much as formerly. So many expressions must be understood.—Branch. Septuagint “orient.”—Reign. Zorobabel was not chief governor, ( Calmet.) though at the head of his tribe. Bible.—The kingdom of Christ was not of this world. John 18:36. Calmet.—He alone imparts justice to others. Worthington.
In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely. This is his name by which he will be called: The LORD our righteousness.
Verse 6. Saved: less disturbed. The world shall be redeemed. Lu. 2:14. Ephesians 2:14.—Just. Hebrew “Justice,” by whom we are made just. He is the true God. Colossians 2:9. 14. No man could bear this title: and Grotius insidiously attempts to apply it to the Jews, though the Chal. and so forth clearly speak of the Messias. He must be read with great caution. Calmet.—Septuagint “This is his name, which the Lord will call him, Josedech. In the prophets. 9. My,” and so forth Bible.—Josedech means “the Lord justice.” Calmet.—Sym. “Lord, justify us.”
“Therefore, behold, the days come,” says the LORD, “that they will no more say, ‘As the LORD lives, who brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;’
but, ‘As the LORD lives, who brought up and who led the offspring of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all the countries where I had driven them.’ Then they will dwell in their own land.”
Verse 8. Land. The deliverance from Egypt and Babylon were emblems of man’s redemption, which was accomplished by far greater miracles.
Concerning the prophets: My heart within me is broken. All my bones shake. I am like a drunken man, and like a man whom wine has overcome, because of the LORD, and because of his holy words.
Verse 9. Prophets of falsehood. He directs his discourse to them, and afterwards to the priests, being filled with amazement at their impending ruin.
“For the land is full of adulterers; for because of the curse the land mourns. The pastures of the wilderness have dried up. Their course is evil, and their might is not right;
Verse 10. Adulterers; impostors or idolaters.—Cursing of the Lord, or the abuse of his sacred name. Calmet.—Unlike. Hebrew “not right.” Bible.
for both prophet and priest are profane. Yes, in my house I have found their wickedness,” says the LORD.
Verse 11. Defiled. Hebrew “hypocrites.” My priests retain the appearance of religion, to join with impostors in deluding the people.
Therefore their way will be to them as slippery places in the darkness. They will be driven on, and fall therein; for I will bring evil on them, even the year of their visitation,” says the LORD.
“I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria. They prophesied by Baal, and caused my people Israel to err.
In the prophets of Jerusalem I have also seen a horrible thing: they commit adultery and walk in lies. They strengthen the hands of evildoers, so that no one returns from his wickedness. They have all become to me as Sodom, and its inhabitants as Gomorrah.”
Verse 14. Jerusalem. These were far worse, as they pretended to be inspired by God, whereas those of Samaria publicly adhered to Baal; so that the people must have been foolish to have been deceived by them. Calmet.
Therefore the LORD of Armies says concerning the prophets: “Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink poisoned water; for from the prophets of Jerusalem ungodliness has gone out into all the land.”
Verse 15. Gall, or something mortally bitter. Calmet. 9:15. Bible.
The LORD of Armies says, “Don’t listen to the words of the prophets who prophesy to you. They teach you vanity. They speak a vision of their own heart, and not out of the mouth of the LORD.
Verse 16. Own. To rely on private judgment, and not on the Church, is a mark of falsehood. Worthington.
They say continually to those who despise me, ‘The LORD has said, “You will have peace;”’ and to everyone who walks in the stubbornness of his own heart they say, ‘No evil will come on you.’
Verse 17. Blaspheme. Hebrew “despise;” or Septuagint “reject disdainfully the word of the Lord, you,” and so forth Calmet. 6:14 and 8:11.
For who has stood in the council of the LORD, that he should perceive and hear his word? Who has listened to my word, and heard it?
Verse 18. Counsel. Hebrew “secret.” Which of you is acquainted with his designs? I will inform you, that your perdition is at hand. verse 20. Calmet.
Behold, the LORD’s storm, his wrath, has gone out. Yes, a whirling storm! It will burst on the head of the wicked.
The LORD’s anger will not return until he has executed and performed the intents of his heart. In the latter days, you will understand it perfectly.
I didn’t send these prophets, yet they ran. I didn’t speak to them, yet they prophesied.
Verse 21. Not send. The want of mission proves a prophet or preacher to be false. Worthington.
But if they had stood in my council, then they would have caused my people to hear my words, and would have turned them from their evil way, and from the evil of their doings.
Verse 22. I should. Some copies read avertissent, “they would have turned,” conformably with the Hebrew and so forth and we should suspect that this was a mistake of the transcriber, if S. Jerom did not agree with the Vulg. in his commentary, ( Calmet.) though not in express terms: ( Bible.) “I also should not have abandoned them to impurity … Let us behold how heretics, having once given way to despair, … seek the gratification of their sensual appetite.” Saint Jerome
“Am I a God at hand,” says the LORD, “and not a God afar off?
Verse 23. Off? Can you so easily penetrate my designs, or escape my fury? Am I like your idols of yesterday? Septuagint and Theodot. “I am a God at hand,” and so forth which agrees with the sequel. Calmet.
Can anyone hide himself in secret places so that I can’t see him?” says the LORD. “Don’t I fill heaven and earth?” says the LORD.
“I have heard what the prophets have said, who prophesy lies in my name, saying, ‘I had a dream! I had a dream!’
How long will this be in the heart of the prophets who prophesy lies, even the prophets of the deceit of their own heart?
They intend to cause my people to forget my name by their dreams which they each tell his neighbor, as their fathers forgot my name because of Baal.
Verse 27. Dreams, as if God had favoured them with his revelations. Bible.—Fathers; the false prophets of Baal, whom these imitate.
The prophet who has a dream, let him tell a dream; and he who has my word, let him speak my word faithfully. What is the straw to the wheat?” says the LORD.
Verse 28. Dream, to those who are really sent by God, ( Calmet.) and recognized. 1 Corinthians 14:29. Bible.
“Isn’t my word like fire?” says the LORD; “and like a hammer that breaks the rock in pieces?
Verse 29. Pieces? True prophets will have a zeal fo the conversion of souls. Calmet. 20:9. Hebrews 4:12.
“Therefore behold, I am against the prophets,” says the LORD, “who each steal my words from his neighbor.
Verse 30. Neighbour, causing those whom I have sent to be disregarded.
Behold, I am against the prophets,” says the LORD, “who use their tongues, and say, ‘He says.’
Verse 31. Use. Hebrew also, “sharpen, or render smooth,” and insinuating. Psalms 49:16. Calmet.
Behold, I am against those who prophesy lying dreams,” says the LORD, “who tell them, and cause my people to err by their lies, and by their vain boasting; yet I didn’t send them or command them. They don’t profit this people at all,” says the LORD.
Verse 32. Wonders. Prot. “lightness.” Septuagint “frauds,” or pretended miracles. Bible.—False prophets cannot work true miracles: but it is more difficult to distinguish these than the former mark of being lawfully sent. verse 21. Worthington.
“When this people, or the prophet, or a priest, asks you, saying, ‘What is the message from the LORD?’ Then you shall tell them, ‘“What message? I will cast you off,” says the LORD.’
Verse 33. Burden, Massa, ( Bible.) denotes a weight, or sometimes a prediction. Calmet.
As for the prophet, the priest, and the people, who say, ‘The message from the LORD,’ I will even punish that man and his household.
Verse 34. Burden of the Lord. This expression is here rejected and disallowed, at least for those times: because it was then used in mockery and contempt by the false prophets, and unbelieving people, who ridiculed the repeated threats of Jeremias under the name of his burdens. Challoner.
You will say everyone to his neighbor, and everyone to his brother, ‘What has the LORD answered?’ and, ‘What has the LORD said?’
Verse 35. Answered. I will make you alter your language by chastisements.
You will mention the message from the LORD no more, for every man’s own word has become his message; for you have perverted the words of the living God, of the LORD of Armies, our God.
You will say to the prophet, ‘What has the LORD answered you?’ and, ‘What has the LORD spoken?’
Although you say, ‘The message from the LORD,’ therefore the LORD says: ‘Because you say this word, “The message from the LORD,” and I have sent to you, telling you not to say, “The message from the LORD,”
therefore behold, I will utterly forget you, and I will cast you off with the city that I gave to you and to your fathers, away from my presence.
Verse 39. Take. Hebrew of the Masorets, ( Calmet.) “I, even I, will utterly forget (Prot. Bible.) or abandon you.” Chal. But the sense of the Septuagint and Vulg. seems preferable. Calmet.
I will bring an everlasting reproach on you, and a perpetual shame, which will not be forgotten.’”