OLD TESTAMENT

Psalms 78

The Holy Bible · English
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1

Hear my teaching, my people. Turn your ears to the words of my mouth.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 1. Asaph, who might live during the captivity. Calmet.—If the ancient ( Bible.) Asaph, or David, composed this psalm, it must be considered a prediction of the ruin caused by Nabuchodonosor, or by Epiphanes. Bert. Tirinus. v.—The author of 1 Mac. (7:17) accommodates it to the sufferings of those ( Calmet.) whom Alcimus destroyed; or rather the prophet had them also in view as well as Christian martyrs. Bible.—He cannot speak of the last ruin of Jerusalem, since it would have been improper to pray for its restoration. Saint Augustine—Fruit. A mean village, ( Menochius.) as Isaias (1:8) had threatened. Hebrew “a heap of stones,” (Saint Jerome) in the field. Mic. 1:6. Such was the condition of Jerusalem under Nabuchodonosor ( Calmet.) and Ephiphanes. 1 Maccabees 1. Bert.—Catholics have been persecuted in every country, and forced to use mean houses for divine worship. Worthington.

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2

I will open my mouth in a parable. I will utter dark sayings of old,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 2. Saints. The Assideans, who were the most esteemed for piety, 1 Maccabees 2:42. In the worst of times, there were always some pious Israelites, and the generality of them were less wicked than their enemies, who exercised a horrid barbarity in refusing them burial, after destroying vast numbers. 2 Chronicles 36:17. Calmet.—This was done at least under Epiphanes. 1 Maccabees 7:16. Bible.—Persecutors have hung the bodies of martyrs on poles to be the food of birds, ( Worthington.) as the missionary priests were treated in England not long ago. Hebrew is here rather inaccurate, ( Bible.) “to the wild beast of the earth itself;” (Mont.) lechaitho arets, being put forth léith, earts, (Houbig.) as Prot. themselves translate. Bible.

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3

which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us.

4

We will not hide them from their children, telling to the generation to come the praises of the LORD, his strength, and his wondrous deeds that he has done.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 4. Us. The Idumeans, and so forth are hence blamed by the prophets. Ezekiel 25:12. Obadiah 10. Calmet.—Christ and his disciples have been treated with scorn, (Bert.) being styled Galileans, Papists, and so forth Worthington.

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5

For he established a covenant in Jacob, and appointed a teaching in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children;

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 5. Zeal, or jealousy, as God has the greatest affection for his people, and resents their infidelity as a kind of adultery. Calmet.—Sin is the source of misery. Worthington.

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6

that the generation to come might know, even the children who should be born; who should arise and tell their children,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 6. Name. Their ignorance was of course culpable. Bert.—This prayer is prophetical, (Saint Augustine) or insinuates that those infidels were still more deserving of punishment. Bert.—By destroying Israel, the number of God’s worshippers would be lessened. Calmet.—Yet this consideration would not hinder God from chastising them; and it is not absolutely true that pagans are always more guilty. Those who know the will of their master, and do it not, shall suffer many stripes. Having the true faith, they may, however, ( Bible.) be sooner converted. Worthington.

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7

that they might set their hope in God, and not forget God’s deeds, but keep his commandments,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 7. They have devoured. So Pagnin ventured to translate the Hebrew But Montanus substitutes the singular, though it be evidently incorrect, ( Bible.) and contrary to all the ancient versions and the parallel passage, (Jeremiah 10:25) as well as to MS. 3. Lambeth 435, and so forth (Kennicott) v being lost at the end of acol. Houbig.—Place. Hebrew also, “beauty,” the ark or temple. Calmet.

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8

and might not be as their fathers— a stubborn and rebellious generation, a generation that didn’t make their hearts loyal, whose spirit was not steadfast with God.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 8. Former iniquities, which we and our fathers have committed. The Hebrews generally pray for the remission of their parent’s faults. Lamentations 5:7. Baruch 3:5. Daniel 9:5. Calmet.—But here the penitents’ own transgressions may be meant. Bert.—God is ready to pardon such. Worthington.

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9

The children of Ephraim, being armed and carrying bows, turned back in the day of battle.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 9. Help. The necessity of grace, and the co-operation of free-will, are here plainly asserted. Saint Augustine

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10

They didn’t keep God’s covenant, and refused to walk in his law.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 10. Their God. Let him rescue his people. Cicero (pro Flacco) speaking of the Jewish nation, says, “How dear it was to the immortal gods, appears from its being overcome, enslaved,” and so forth—Shed. He speaks not of revenge; ( Calmet.) but in order that chastisement may open the eyes of the infidels, that they may be converted. Euseb.—Let none suspect that thou disregardest thy people. The event will evince the contrary. Worthington.

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11

They forgot his doings, his wondrous deeds that he had shown them.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 11. Put. Chal. “consigned.” Calmet.—Protect the successors of the martyrs. Worthington.

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12

He did marvelous things in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 12. Bosom. Punish them severely Calmet. in this world. Saint Jerome—Many of the surrounding nations were subdued by Nabuchodonosor, five years after he had conquered the Jews. Joseph. x. 10. Jeremiah 49:7. and so forth

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13

He split the sea, and caused them to pass through. He made the waters stand as a heap.

14

In the daytime he also led them with a cloud, and all night with a light of fire.

15

He split rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink abundantly as out of the depths.

16

He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.

17

Yet they still went on to sin against him, to rebel against the Most High in the desert.

18

They tempted God in their heart by asking food according to their desire.

19

Yes, they spoke against God. They said, “Can God prepare a table in the wilderness?

20

Behold, he struck the rock, so that waters gushed out, and streams overflowed. Can he give bread also? Will he provide meat for his people?”

21

Therefore the LORD heard, and was angry. A fire was kindled against Jacob, anger also went up against Israel,

22

because they didn’t believe in God, and didn’t trust in his salvation.

23

Yet he commanded the skies above, and opened the doors of heaven.

24

He rained down manna on them to eat, and gave them food from the sky.

25

Man ate the bread of angels. He sent them food to the full.

26

He caused the east wind to blow in the sky. By his power he guided the south wind.

27

He also rained meat on them as the dust, winged birds as the sand of the seas.

28

He let them fall in the middle of their camp, around their habitations.

29

So they ate, and were well filled. He gave them their own desire.

30

They didn’t turn from their cravings. Their food was yet in their mouths,

31

when the anger of God went up against them, killed some of their strongest, and struck down the young men of Israel.

32

For all this they still sinned, and didn’t believe in his wondrous works.

33

Therefore he consumed their days in vanity, and their years in terror.

34

When he killed them, then they inquired after him. They returned and sought God earnestly.

35

They remembered that God was their rock, the Most High God, their redeemer.

36

But they flattered him with their mouth, and lied to him with their tongue.

37

For their heart was not right with him, neither were they faithful in his covenant.

38

But he, being merciful, forgave iniquity, and didn’t destroy them. Yes, many times he turned his anger away, and didn’t stir up all his wrath.

39

He remembered that they were but flesh, a wind that passes away, and doesn’t come again.

40

How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness, and grieved him in the desert!

41

They turned again and tempted God, and provoked the Holy One of Israel.

42

They didn’t remember his hand, nor the day when he redeemed them from the adversary;

43

how he set his signs in Egypt, his wonders in the field of Zoan,

44

he turned their rivers into blood, and their streams, so that they could not drink.

45

He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.

46

He also gave their increase to the caterpillar, and their labor to the locust.

47

He destroyed their vines with hail, their sycamore fig trees with frost.

48

He also gave over their livestock to the hail, and their flocks to hot thunderbolts.

49

He threw on them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, indignation, and trouble, and a band of angels of evil.

50

He made a path for his anger. He didn’t spare their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence,

51

and struck all the firstborn in Egypt, the chief of their strength in the tents of Ham.

52

But he led out his own people like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.

53

He led them safely, so that they weren’t afraid, but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.

54

He brought them to the border of his sanctuary, to this mountain, which his right hand had taken.

55

He also drove out the nations before them, allotted them for an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.

56

Yet they tempted and rebelled against the Most High God, and didn’t keep his testimonies,

57

but turned back, and dealt treacherously like their fathers. They were twisted like a deceitful bow.

58

For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their engraved images.

59

When God heard this, he was angry, and greatly abhorred Israel,

60

so that he abandoned the tent of Shiloh, the tent which he placed among men,

61

and delivered his strength into captivity, his glory into the adversary’s hand.

62

He also gave his people over to the sword, and was angry with his inheritance.

63

Fire devoured their young men. Their virgins had no wedding song.

64

Their priests fell by the sword, and their widows couldn’t weep.

65

Then the Lord awakened as one out of sleep, like a mighty man who shouts by reason of wine.

66

He struck his adversaries backward. He put them to a perpetual reproach.

67

Moreover he rejected the tent of Joseph, and didn’t choose the tribe of Ephraim,

68

But chose the tribe of Judah, Mount Zion which he loved.

69

He built his sanctuary like the heights, like the earth which he has established forever.

70

He also chose David his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds;

71

from following the ewes that have their young, he brought him to be the shepherd of Jacob, his people, and Israel, his inheritance.

72

So he was their shepherd according to the integrity of his heart, and guided them by the skillfulness of his hands.