Psalms 35

Verse 1. Himself. Psalm is understood. It is expressed in Saint Ambrose and S. Jerom, ( Calmet.) and is the Alex. Septuagint Bible.—Eusebius improperly assigns the cause of the omission to the piece being of a moral nature. Many suppose it refers to Saul, who had promised that he would give ear no more to the detractors of David, when the latter restored to him his spear and cup. 1 Kennicott. 26. Theod. and so forth—But it seems rather to express the sentiments of the captives at Babylon, like the Psalms 10. 11. 13 and 52. Calmet.—David gloried in the title of servant of the Lord, though he bore the sceptre. Psalms 17. Bert. Psalms 115:16. Menochius.—He applies this instruction to himself, and to all in the lowest stations. Worthington.

Verse 2. Himself. Hebrew libbi, “in my heart.” But this is visibly incorrect, and we should substitute lobu, as Saint Jerome Chal. Syr. and so forth have done. Calmet.—Yet Sym. translates, “concerning the disorder of the impious within, my heart has said, there,” and so forth Hebrew may also signify, “the transgression of the wicked saith within my heart.” Prot. Bible.—I am inwardly convinced how great the malice of the wicked may be. It touches me to the very heart. Both senses are good. The wicked are bent on evil, and this fills the virtuous with grief. Bert.—Eyes. They sin publicly, (Psalms 13:1. Calmet.) and on purpose, preferring vice before virtue, ( Worthington.) and constantly bent on doing evil, so that they become odious to all. Menochius.

Verse 3. Unto hatred. That is, hateful to God ( Challoner.) and man; ( Bible.) or that he may be able to hurt, as Hebrew also may insinuate. Bert.—Septuagint “to find and hate his iniquity.” But he acts not with sincerity. He wishes to defend his evil ways. Saint Augustine and so forth—He still flatters himself with impunity. Psalms 9:25 or 9:32. To find, often means to punish. Genesis 44:16. and so forth Calmet.—God frequently abandons those who sin through malice. Worthington.

Verse 4. Well, to those in distress. Psalms 40:2. Though wise enough in worldly concerns, he seemed quite ignorant when any virtuous actions were proposed. Calmet.—Sometimes ignorance is excusable when a person does his best to obtain knowledge. But when he is negligent, the ignorance is gross, and sinful in proportion to the importance of the thing. If one desire to be ignorant to prevent remorse, this only increases the guilt, and God often leaves such destitute of the ordinary graces which he gives to others; so that they fall into a reprobate sense, and into more horrible sins. Worthington.

Verse 5. Set himself, “persevering” in wickedness. Saint Augustine

Verse 6. Clouds. The mercy of God is great, and his fidelity indisputable. Some think these were concealed till the coming of the Messias; (Psalms 84:11. Saint Bernard) and many of the Fathers accuse Aristotle of confining Providence to the regions above the moon, by perverting this text. Saint Clement strom. 5. and so forth—But Gesner has produced 30 passages from that author which prove both a general and particular Providence. Calmet.—God does not leave the most wilful sinner without some good motions, and sufficient grace, that they may repent if they do not harden their own hearts. He has promised such helps, and is most faithful and desirous to receive again the penitent sinner. Worthington.

Verse 7. Of God. A title which is often given to things of superior excellence. So divine condimenta of Plautus, (Pseudol.) denote ragouts or sauces of the best quality; ( Bible.) and sacra fames of Virgil, means great hunger. See Jonah 3:3. Song of Songs 8:6.—Deep. After praising the mercy of God, the psalmist expresses his admiration of his inscrutable justice. Romans 11:33. Calmet.—Preserve, salvabis. The latter are designed only for man’s benefit, and will end with time. Bible.—But man is destined for eternal happiness, verse 9. Calmet.—God wishes the salvation of both the learned and of the stupid, (Saint Jerome Worthington.) of the Jew and Gentile, (Arnob. 1 Timothy 4:10) of good and bad. He makes his sun to shine on both. Matthew 5:45. Euseb. Piscat. Calmet.

Verse 8. O how. So the Hebrew and Septuagint read; quemadmodum may also (Bert.) signify “as.” God has given such proofs of his great mercies to all. Bible.—Of men. People must lay aside their stupidity and resemblance with brutes, to obtain the eternal joys which are prepared for men. Worthington.

Verse 9. House. In the temple, ( Calmet.) or in the Church of God. Saint Ambrose—The pleasures enjoyed by this communion of saints, ( Bible.) is but a foretaste of what may be expected in heaven. Calmet.

Verse 10. With thee, Lord, is the fountain of life, Jesus Christ.—See light, of the Holy Ghost. Saint Ambrose Theod.—We shall see thee, Father of light, in thy Son. Orig. Prin. i. 1. Calmet.—The saints behold in the light of God all that they can desire to know; and of course they will not be unacquainted with our wants and petitions, though they have not the asses’ ears of Calvin. Bible.—Light and life denote all happiness. Calmet.—The psalmist might have a sublime idea of these pleasures. Bert.—But none will presently understand their excellence till they are put in possession of them. Bible.

Verse 11. Mercy and justice, are here of the same import. Bellar. Muis.—Deliver us from captivity, and extend thy mercies to all thy people. Calmet.—Heart. Many who have sufficient learning, are destitute of this better quality. The right of heart are always more knowing than those who are only learned in speculation, and puffed up with pride. Bert.

Verse 12. Sinner. Hebrew and Septuagint “sinners,” who are always striving to supplant the just by pride and evil example. Bert.—Let me not listen to their wicked advice. Saint Augustine—Let not the enemy invade our country any more. Calmet.—The just may pray that no bad example or pride may place an obstacle to his salvation. Worthington.

Verse 13. There. The devil fell by pride, and man by his persuasion. Neither could escape punishment. Worthington.—There, in heaven, (Saint Jerome) and in paradise, pride proved fatal; ( Calmet.) while it will be punished in hell. Saint Ambrose—Pride and injustice will entail destruction upon our persecutors. Babylon shall shortly fall a prey to Cyrus. Calmet.—Stand. Hebrew “kum,” “rise again.” The proud are seldom converted, (Bert.) and the rebel angels had no redress. Menochius.