Job 20

Verse 2. Therefore. From this concession which thou hast just made. Menochius.—Various. Hebrew “Hence do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I hasten.” Septuagint “I did not thus suspect that thou wouldst contradict these things,” and so forth Bible.—Sophar only speaks this second time; and he produces little new, but begins with an air of more moderation, as if the arguments of Job had made some impression upon him. Calmet.—He attempts to prove that the wicked have no comfort long; which is true in one sense, as all time is short, though they may prosper all their lives, as Job corrects his observation. Calmet. 21:13. Worthington.

Verse 4. I know. Hebrew and Septuagint “dost thou not know?”

Verse 6. Pride. Septuagint “presents.” Bible.—Riches may be meant by pride. Calmet.

Verse 7. Hill. Hebrew “his own dung.” Bible. Proverbs 10:7.

Verse 8. Fleeth. The poets assign wings to sleep and to dreams. Homer, and so forth Isaias (29:7) describes a man who dreams that he is eating, and finds himself hungry when he awakes. Such is the live of the avaricious, ( Calmet.) and of all wicked people. Bible.

Verse 9. Behold him, as if it were susceptible of resentment, and entered into the views of God. Calmet. 7:10. Psalms 36:3–5. Calmet.

Verse 10. Be. Hebrew “seek to please the poor, and his hands shall restore their goods,” which the wicked had gotten by oppression. Bible.

Verse 11. Vices of, is not in Hebrew but must be understood. Bible.—Youth. Some translate, “hidden.” Sophar perhaps accuses Job of some secret abominations, for which he was afflicted with the venereal disease. At least, nothing is more common than to see people brought to old age and infirmities unnumbered, ( Calmet.) before their time, in consequence of riotous living in their youth. Bible.—Youth may also denote the sin in which we are born, which is the source of all our maladies, and is always dragging us towards the grave. Calmet.

Verse 12. Evil of any king, and particularly ( Bible.) injustice, which at first seems sweet, but will prove in the end a mortal poison. Calmet.—The unjust will be forced to restore his ill-gotten goods, or suffer eternally for the neglect, verse 14, 18. Bible.—Habitual sins are also overcome with most difficulty, verse 11. Menochius.

Verse 16. Head. Hebrew “venom.” Septuagint “the wrath of dragons.” Calmet.—Vipers. The same Hebrew term is elsewhere rendered basilisk, or asp. The precise import of such things is not easily ascertained. Pineda.—Tongue. The ancients thought that serpents communicated the venom by the tongue, or sting. Moderns think they do it rather by the teeth. Calmet.

Verse 17. Butter. The impious may have a short-lived pleasure, but it will not give perfect satisfaction. The poets use similar expressions. Calmet.

Mella fluant illi, ferat et rubus asper amomum. Virg.

Flumina jam lactis, jam flumina nectaris ibant. Met. i.

Verse 18. Suffer eternal torments. Calmet.—Hebrew “according to his substance, shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice.” Prot.

Verse 20. Them. Death will overtake him, like the rich man. Luke 12:20. Calmet.

Verse 21. Continue. Hebrew “no one shall look for his goods.” The sinner eat up all in his life-time, or saw his possessions slip from him. Bible.—At least, he shall not take them with him to the grave. Calmet.

Verse 23. May. Hebrew “And when he shall be about to fill his belly,” like king Baltassar, death shall hurry him away. Calmet.—Rain. Septuagint “hurl sorrows upon him,” ( Bible.) by an untimely death, followed with eternal hunger and thirst. Thus was treat the rich glutton. Luke 16:22. Calmet.

Verse 24. Brass; of which metal the strongest bows were made. Prot. have, “steel:” ( Bible.) but brass was used by the ancients for the same purpose. Calmet.—This proverb shews that those who endeavour to escape from men, fall into the hands of God. Delrio. Adag. 9, t. ii.

Incidit in Scyllam cupiens vitare Charbydim. Virg. Menochius.

Verse 25. The sword is, occurs not in the Vulg. ( Bible.) though it be in the Compl. and Sixtine editions. Calmet.—Hebrew “It is drawn, and cometh out of the body; the glittering sword cometh out of his gall; terrors are upon him.” Prot. “May likewise the dart come out through his body,” and so forth Bible.—Ones. Hebrew “Enim; giants, who formerly inhabited the land of Moab, near the eastern Idumea. Their name might be placed for any cruel enemies. Calmet.

Verse 26. Darkness, or misery. Calmet.—Septuagint “Terrors upon him, (26) and all darkness may await him.” Bible.—He shall find no means of escaping. Calmet.—Kindled. Hebrew “blown.” Saint Gregory observes that hell-fire is corporeal, but very different from our material fire. Chal. and so forth explain this passage in the same sense. It may also intimate interior anguish, ( Calmet.) lightning, (Vatable) pestilence, (Grot.) and every species of calamity. Calmet.—Tabernacle, in hell. Menochius.—We may also translate, “he who is left,” ( Bible.) the offspring shall be also miserable. Menochius.

Verse 27. Heavens, as his sins have cried for vengeance. Genesis 18:20. Calmet.—All creatures shall fight against the wicked. Menochius.

Verse 28. Exposed. Hebrew “the bud, ( Calmet.) or increase of his house, shall depart,” ( Bible.) and be led away into captivity, ( Calmet.) and ruined. Septuagint “Let final destruction draw away his house, and the day of wrath overtake him.”

Verse 29. Doings. Lit. “words.” Hebrew “of his decree.” Bible.—This is what he may expect for him impiety both in words and actions. Calmet.