Josiah kept a Passover to the LORD in Jerusalem. They killed the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month.
2 Chronicles 35
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He set the priests in their offices and encouraged them in the service of the LORD’s house.
He said to the Levites who taught all Israel, who were holy to the LORD, “Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David king of Israel built. It will no longer be a burden on your shoulders. Now serve the LORD your God and his people Israel.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 3. By whose. Septuagint “the powerful in Israel, that they might be sanctified to the Lord; and they put,” and so forth Hebrew “who instructed all Israel, the holy people of the Lord: Put,” and so forth Bible.—No more. Hebrew adds, “upon your shoulders;” ( Bible.) whence it is inferred, that it had been carried about the cities of Juda, under the impious kings, who would not suffer it in the temple. Calmet.—Some believe that it was kept in the house of Sellum, the uncle of Jeremias, and husband of Olda. Saint Jerome Trad. Tirinus.
Prepare yourselves after your fathers’ houses by your divisions, according to the writing of David king of Israel, and according to the writing of Solomon his son.
Stand in the holy place according to the divisions of the fathers’ houses of your brothers the children of the people, and let there be for each a portion of a fathers’ house of the Levites.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 5. Families. Hebrew adds, “according to the divisions of the families of the fathers of your brethren, the people, ( Bible. or laics. Calmet.) and the division of the families of the Levites.” All were placed, with great order, in the temple.
Kill the Passover lamb, sanctify yourselves, and prepare for your brothers, to do according to the LORD’s word by Moses.”
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 6. Which. Hebrew “of the Lord, by the hand of Moses,” which ordinances he has written down. Menochius.
Josiah gave to the children of the people, of the flock, lambs and young goats, all of them for the Passover offerings, to all who were present, to the number of thirty thousand, and three thousand bulls. These were of the king’s substance.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 7. In. Hebrew “for the Passover-offerings, from the flock, lambs and kids, in number 30,000.” Et reliqui pecoris, is not expressed. Bible.—The small cattle might be intended for other sacrifices. Menochius.
His princes gave a free will offering to the people, to the priests, and to the Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, the rulers of God’s house, gave to the priests for the Passover offerings two thousand six hundred small livestock, and three hundred head of cattle.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 8. Offered. Hebrew “gave to the people.” Bible.—Rulers: the first alone was high priest. Calmet.—Small cattle: literally, cattle of different sorts;” commixtim. Prot. supply, “small cattle,” which is not in Hebrew Bible.—Syr. and Arab. have, “sheep;” but we had best follow ( Calmet.) the Septuagint “sheep, both lambs and kids.” Either would suffice. Exodus 12:5.
Conaniah also, and Shemaiah and Nethanel, his brothers, and Hashabiah, Jeiel, and Jozabad, the chiefs of the Levites, gave to the Levites for the Passover offerings five thousand small livestock and five hundred head of cattle.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 9. Cattle. Prot. again supply these words. Septuagint have, “sheep.” Bible.
So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their place, and the Levites by their divisions, according to the king’s commandment.
They killed the Passover lambs, and the priests sprinkled the blood which they received from their hands, and the Levites skinned them.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 11. Blood is expressed in the Septuagint and understood in Hebrew Bible.—With. Hebrew and Septuagint “from their hands;” ( Bible.) receiving it from the officers, who might slay their own victims, ( Calmet.) unless they were unclean, ( Calmet.) 30:17. Bible.—Holocausts. Hebrew and Septuagint speak of the paschal lambs. Bible.—Holocausts were regularly to be flayed by priests. Leviticus 1:6. The hurry of the solemnity, ( Calmet.) and necessity, here excused the Levites, ( Menochius.) if we understand proper holocausts. Bible.
They removed the burnt offerings, that they might give them according to the divisions of the fathers’ houses of the children of the people, to offer to the LORD, as it is written in the book of Moses. They did the same with the cattle.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 12. Separated. Septuagint “prepared the holocaust to give; having taken notice to whom the victims belonged, before they took off the skin, ( Menochius.) or rather, separating these from the other peace-offerings. Tournemine.
They roasted the Passover with fire according to the ordinance. They boiled the holy offerings in pots, in cauldrons, and in pans, and carried them quickly to all the children of the people.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 13. Victims. Hebrew and Septuagint “but the holy offerings they boiled.” See Exodus 12:9. Bible.
Afterward they prepared for themselves and for the priests, because the priests the sons of Aaron were busy with offering the burnt offerings and the fat until night. Therefore the Levites prepared for themselves and for the priests the sons of Aaron.
The singers, the sons of Asaph, were in their place, according to the commandment of David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king’s seer; and the gatekeepers were at every gate. They didn’t need to depart from their service, because their brothers the Levites prepared for them.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 15. Prophets. Hebrew “seer.” But Septuagint and so forth read in the plural. These were “prophets of the king,” ( Bible.) or masters of music. Calmet.—Vulg. might insinuate that these three gave orders, as well as David. But they were in office under him, as people of the same name were, probably, under Josias. Bible.
So all the service of the LORD was prepared the same day, to keep the Passover, and to offer burnt offerings on the LORD’s altar, according to the commandment of King Josiah.
The children of Israel who were present kept the Passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days.
There was no Passover like that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet, nor did any of the kings of Israel keep such a Passover as Josiah kept—with the priests, the Levites, and all Judah and Israel who were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 18. As Josias kept. He displayed greater liberality ( E. See 4 Kennicott. 23:20) and devotion; and the festival had also been neglected for some time. Worthington.
This Passover was kept in the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah.
After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Neco king of Egypt went up to fight against Carchemish by the Euphrates, and Josiah went out against him.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 20. Charcamis belonged to the Assyrian monarch, (Isaiah 10:9) who subdued the empire of Babylon. Calmet. 33:11.
But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, “What have I to do with you, you king of Judah? I come not against you today, but against the house with which I have war. God has commanded me to make haste. Beware that it is God who is with me, that he not destroy you.”
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 21. With me. Grotius thinks that Jeremias had given the order; and the author of Hebrew Traditions, supposes that he forbade Josias to oppose Pharao, who, it seems, was assured of victory. Calmet.—But this is uncertain; and Josias might justly suspect that the king of Egypt spoke without authority. Bible.—The augurs of the latter might declare the truth, ( Menochius.) though they could not dive into futurity. Bible.—Herodotus (i.) informs us, that Nechos fought against the Syrians, (or Israelites) in Magdelum, and took Cadythis, a city as large as Sardis, of Lydia; probably Jerusalem, ( D.) or Cades. Calmet.
Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and didn’t listen to the words of Neco from the mouth of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 22. Prepared. Hebrew “disguised himself,” like Achab; ( Calmet.) or set his army in array. Septuagint “he was bent on fighting him.” Bible.—He supposed that Pharao intended to invade his dominions, and God would withdraw him from the world. Worthington.
The archers shot at King Josiah; and the king said to his servants, “Take me away, because I am seriously wounded!”
So his servants took him out of the chariot, and put him in the second chariot that he had, and brought him to Jerusalem; and he died, and was buried in the tombs of his fathers. All Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 24. After the manner of kings, is not in Hebrew and so forth Bible.—Curtius (iv.) informs us, that the Persian monarch had always a horse behind his chariot, to be ready in case of any accident.
Jeremiah lamented for Josiah, and all the singing men and singing women spoke of Josiah in their lamentations to this day; and they made them an ordinance in Israel. Behold, they are written in the lamentations.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 25. Lamentations. Some think that we have them in the Bible. Josephus, and so forth—Others believe that they are lost. Salien, A. 3425.—Law, on the anniversary; ( Menochius.) or when any calamity occurs, the lamentations of Jeremias are used. Tirinus.—There were collections of such poems, as well as of canticles, for victory and marriages. Calmet.
Now the rest of the acts of Josiah and his good deeds, according to that which is written in the LORD’s law,
and his acts, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.
ExplanationCommentary
Verse 27. Israel is placed first in Hebrew and Septuagint Bible.—The kings of Juda assumed the title, as the kingdom had been subverted above a century; and the wretched remains of Israel had retreated into the territories, ( Calmet.) or acknowledged their dominion. Bible.