OLD TESTAMENT

Wisdom 16

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1

For this cause, they were deservedly punished through creatures like those which they worship, and tormented through a multitude of vermin.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 1. Things. Septuagint “therefore by similar things they,” and so forth Bible.—The Egyptians were punished for their idolatry by beasts, though they worshipped them, ( Bible.) being infested with insects, frogs, locusts, and so forth (Calmet. 12:23. Exodus 8 and 10. Calmet.) and seeing their first-born perish for their cruelty. Worthington.

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2

Instead of this punishment, you, giving benefits to your people, prepared quails for food, a delicacy to satisfy the desire of their appetite,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 2. Meat. The second time, God gave them in his anger: but still he dealt favourably with his people, (Exodus 16:13. Numbers 11:7. Calmet.) punishing them as a father, for their amendment. Worthington.

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3

to the end that your enemies, desiring food, might for the hideousness of the creatures sent among them, loathe even the necessary appetite; but these, your people, having for a short time suffered lack, might even partake of delicacies.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 3. They indeed desiring food, and so forth He means the Egyptians; who were restrained even from that food which was necessary, by the frogs and the flies that were sent amongst them, and spoiled all their meats. Challoner.—Exodus 8:3. Calmet.—These. The Israelites. Challoner.—New meat. Quails. Menochius.

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4

For it was necessary that inescapable lack should come upon those oppressors, but that to these it should only be showed how their enemies were tormented.

5

For even when terrible raging of wild beasts came upon your people, and they were perishing by the bites of crooked serpents, your wrath didn’t continue to the uttermost;

6

but for admonition were they troubled for a short time, having a token of salvation to put them in remembrance of the commandment of your law;

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 6. Sign of salvation. The brazen serpent, an emblem of Christ our Saviour; ( Challoner.) and of the obedience which they should shew to God’s commands. Calmet.—The sign could have no inherent value; but, as a token of God’s favour, was the means of curing the people. Worthington.

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7

for he who turned toward it was not saved because of that which was seen, but because of you, the Savior of all.

8

Yes, and in this you persuaded our enemies that you are he who delivers out of every evil.

9

For the bites of locusts and flies truly killed them. No healing for their life was found, because they were worthy to be punished by such things.

10

But your children weren’t overcome by the very fangs of venomous dragons, for your mercy passed by where they were and healed them.

11

For they were bitten to put them in remembrance of your oracles, and were quickly saved, lest, falling into deep forgetfulness, they should become unable to respond to your kindness.

12

For truly it was neither herb nor poultice that cured them, but your word, O Lord, which heals all people.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 12. Plaster, malagma. The remedy ordained by God was not naturally efficacious. Calmet.—“Every wound of the soul has its medicine in the Scriptures.” Saint Augustine Psalm xxxvi.

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13

For you have authority over life and death, and you lead down to the gates of Hades, and lead up again.

14

But though a man kills by his wickedness, he can’t retrieve the spirit that has departed or release the imprisoned soul.

15

But it is not possible to escape your hand;

16

for ungodly men, refusing to know you, were scourged in the strength of your arm, pursued with strange rains and hails and relentless storms, and utterly consumed with fire.

17

For, what was most marvelous, in the water which quenches all things, the fire burned hotter; for the world fights for the righteous.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 17. The fire had more force. that is When the fire and hail mingled together laid waste the land of Egypt. Exodus 9. Challoner.—This destroyed the useful cattle, but not such as infested the Egyptians. Worthington.—The water seemed to nourish the flames. 3 Kennicott. 18:39.

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18

For at one time the flame was restrained, that it might not burn up the creatures sent against the ungodly, but that these themselves as they looked might see that they were chased by the judgment of God.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 18. Mitigated. The Egyptians could not banish the insects with fire and smoke, (Jans.) or the storm sent by God, did not exterminate the sciniphs, which had caused the magicians to acknowledge a miracle. Exodus 8:18. The frogs and flies were already gone. Ib. 11 and 31. Calmet.

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19

At another time even in the midst of water it burns more intensely than fire, that it may destroy the produce of an unrighteous land.

20

Instead of these things, you gave your people angels’ food to eat, and you provided ready-to-eat bread for them from heaven without toil, having the virtue of every pleasant flavor, and agreeable to every taste.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 20. Angels. See Exodus 16. Worthington.—If angels stood in need of food, they could have nothing more delicious. So water is styled honey, to denote its excellence. Psalms 77:25. Leviticus 20:24. Joel 3:18.—Taste. These expressions are figurative. Calmet.

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21

For your nature showed your sweetness toward your children, while that bread, serving the desire of the eater, changed itself according to every man’s choice.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 21. Sustenance. Lit. “substance,” which some explain ( Calmet.) of God himself preparing this delicious food. Naz. or. xlix.—Liked. So that if a person wished to eat an egg, and so forth the manna became one, without altering its appearance, which is the case in the blessed Eucharist. Valentia, 4 disp. 6. and so forth—But this opinion supposes a continued miracle, which seems not necessary, and it is generally believed that the taste alone was changed, which Saint Augustine and others restrain to God’s faithful servants, otherwise the Hebrews could not have been disgusted with manna. Numbers 11:6 and 21:5. To these it was therefore simply manna. But the others found in it whatever they could desire. Saint Gregory Mor. vi. 9.—Yet according to others, ( Bible.) both enjoyed the same privilege. Menochius.—We cannot account for men’s fancies.

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22

But snow and ice endured fire, and didn’t melt, that people might know that fire was destroying the fruits of the enemies, burning in the hail and flashing in the rains;

23

and that this fire, again, in order that righteous people may be nourished, has even forgotten its own power.

24

For the creation, ministering to you, its maker, strains its force against the unrighteous for punishment and in kindness, slackens it on behalf of those who trust in you.

25

Therefore at that time also, converting itself into all forms, it ministered to your all-nourishing bounty, according to the desire of those who had need,

26

that your children, whom you loved, O Lord, might learn that it is not the growth of crops that nourishes a man, but that your word preserves those who trust you.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 26. Word. Deuteronomy 8:3. Matthew 4:4. Fruits, of themselves, could not support man. Calmet.

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27

For that which was not destroyed by fire, melted away when it was simply warmed by a faint sunbeam,

28

that it might be known that we must rise before the sun to give you thanks, and must pray to you at the dawning of the light;

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 28. Light. Those who desire to receive any favour must seek it with diligence, as the manna was to be gathered before sun-rise. Clarius. Calmet.

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29

for the hope of the unthankful will melt as the winter’s hoar frost, and will flow away as water that has no use.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 29. Water. The ungrateful and negligent shall find their hopes frustrated, ( Calmet.) as well as the wicked, who expect salvation ( Worthington.) without a change of manners. Bible.—Ingratitude stops the fountain of grace. Menochius.

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