NEW TESTAMENT

Luke 23

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1

The whole company of them rose up and brought him before Pilate.

2

They began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man perverting the nation, forbidding paying taxes to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ, a king.”

3

Pilate asked him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” He answered him, “So you say.”

4

Pilate said to the chief priests and the multitudes, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.”

5

But they insisted, saying, “He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee even to this place.”

6

But when Pilate heard Galilee mentioned, he asked if the man was a Galilean.

7

When he found out that he was in Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem during those days.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 7. He sent him away to Herod. Pilate, in this instance, not only extricated himself from the importunities of the Jewish priests, (verse 5) but moreover obeyed the Roman law in that particular, which forbade any one to be condemned by a governor to whom he was not the subject. Theophylactus.

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8

Now when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceedingly glad, for he had wanted to see him for a long time, because he had heard many things about him. He hoped to see some miracle done by him.

9

He questioned him with many words, but he gave no answers.

10

The chief priests and the scribes stood, vehemently accusing him.

11

Herod with his soldiers humiliated him and mocked him. Dressing him in luxurious clothing, they sent him back to Pilate.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 11. And mocked him. It is evident from the behaviour of Herod on this occasion, that he was far from believing him to be that seditious person he was represented; otherwise he would have undoubtedly treated his prisoner with less ridicule, and paid more serious attention to the accusations of his enemies. Theophylactus.—Putting on him a white garment. The Greek signifies not only a white, but a shining splendid robe: perhaps with some resemblance to royal garments, but at the same time through scorn and derision. Witham.

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12

Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day, for before that they were enemies with each other.

13

Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers, and the people,

14

and said to them, “You brought this man to me as one that perverts the people, and behold, having examined him before you, I found no basis for a charge against this man concerning those things of which you accuse him.

15

Neither has Herod, for I sent you to him, and see, nothing worthy of death has been done by him.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 15. Nothing worthy of death is done to him. Herod has not treated him as a criminal, or one worthy of death. He only derided him as a fool: had there been any cause to punish him, he would not have failed to have done it himself, or commanded me to put him to death. Calmet.

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16

I will therefore chastise him and release him.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 16. It was a very common punishment among the Jews to scourge those who had committed crimes for which death would have been too severe. According to the laws of the Hebrews, (Deuteronomy 25:3) the number of blows could not exceed thirty-nine. Pilate dares not condemn Jesus to death, because he believes him innocent; yet not to disoblige the people and magistrates, who demanded his death, he takes a middle way, which, as is usual in such cases, satisfies neither party. He neither saves the innocent Victim, nor satisfies justice. In lieu of one punishment, Jesus suffers two. He is at length both scourged and crucified. Calmet.

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17

Now he had to release one prisoner to them at the feast.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

NU omits verse 17.

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18

But they all cried out together, saying, “Away with this man! Release to us Barabbas!”—

19

one who was thrown into prison for a certain revolt in the city, and for murder.

20

Then Pilate spoke to them again, wanting to release Jesus,

21

but they shouted, saying, “Crucify! Crucify him!”

22

He said to them the third time, “Why? What evil has this man done? I have found no capital crime in him. I will therefore chastise him and release him.”

23

But they were urgent with loud voices, asking that he might be crucified. Their voices and the voices of the chief priests prevailed.

24

Pilate decreed that what they asked for should be done.

25

He released him who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, for whom they asked, but he delivered Jesus up to their will.

26

When they led him away, they grabbed one Simon of Cyrene, coming from the country, and laid the cross on him to carry it after Jesus.

27

A great multitude of the people followed him, including women who also mourned and lamented him.

28

But Jesus, turning to them, said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, don’t weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 28. Weep not over me. If you knew the evils that threaten and must soon fall upon your city, upon yourselves, and upon your children, you would preserve your tears to deplore your own misfortunes. My death is for the good of mankind; but it will be fatal to your nation because you have been pleased to make it so. In the ruin of Jerusalem, which is at hand, happy shall they be who have no children. They shall save themselves the grief of seeing their sons and daughters perish miserably, and in some sort of suffering as many deaths as they have children to die. Calmet.

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29

For behold, the days are coming in which they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, the wombs that never bore, and the breasts that never nursed.’

30

Then they will begin to tell the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’ and tell the hills, ‘Cover us.’

31

For if they do these things in the green tree, what will be done in the dry?”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 31. In the green wood: by which are signified persons of virtue and sanctity; as by the dry wood, the wicked, who bring forth no fruit, and who, like dry wood, are fit to be cast into the fire. Witham.—If they be thus cruel with me, how will they treat you!

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32

There were also others, two criminals, led with him to be put to death.

33

When they came to the place that is called “The Skull”, they crucified him there with the criminals, one on the right and the other on the left.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 33. Called Calvary. A place at a small distance from Jerusalem, where condemned malefactors were beheaded. So Christ, as a malefactor, dies on Calvary for the redemption of all: that where sin abounded, grace might more abound. Ven. Bede.—In this mountain, according to the Hebrew doctors, were interred the remains of our protoparent, Adam. Athana.

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34

Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.” Dividing his garments among them, they cast lots.

35

The people stood watching. The rulers with them also scoffed at him, saying, “He saved others. Let him save himself, if this is the Christ of God, his chosen one!”

36

The soldiers also mocked him, coming to him and offering him vinegar,

37

and saying, “If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!”

38

An inscription was also written over him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: “THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.”

39

One of the criminals who was hanged insulted him, saying, “If you are the Christ, save yourself and us!”

40

But the other answered, and rebuking him said, “Don’t you even fear God, seeing you are under the same condemnation?

41

And we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward for our deeds, but this man has done nothing wrong.”

42

He said to Jesus, “Lord, remember me when you come into your Kingdom.”

43

Jesus said to him, “Assuredly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 43. I say to thee: This day thou shalt be with me in Paradise; that is in a place of rest with the souls of the just. The construction is not, I say to thee this day, and so forth, but, thou shalt be with me this day in the paradise. Witham.—In paradise. That is, in the happy state of rest, joy and peace everlasting. Christ was pleased by a special privilege, to reward the faith and confession of the penitent thief with a full discharge of all his sins, both as to the guilt and punishment, and to introduce him, immediately after death, into the happy society of the saints, whose limbo (that is, the place of their confinement) was now made a paradise by our Lord’s going thither. Challoner.—The soul of the good thief was that same day with Jesus Christ, in the felicity of the saints, in Abraham’s bosom, or in heaven, where Jesus was always present by his divinity. Saint Augustine—S. Cyril, of Jerusalem, says he entered heaven before all the patriarchs and prophets. Saint John Chrysostom thinks that paradise was immediately open to him, and that he entered heaven the first mankind.—Tom. v. homil. 32.

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44

It was now about the sixth hour, and darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Time was counted from sunrise, so the sixth hour was about noon.

EXPLANATION

3:00 p.m.

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45

The sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was torn in two.

46

Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!” Having said this, he breathed his last.

47

When the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, “Certainly this was a righteous man.”

48

All the multitudes that came together to see this, when they saw the things that were done, returned home beating their chests.

49

All his acquaintances and the women who followed with him from Galilee stood at a distance, watching these things.

50

Behold, there was a man named Joseph, who was a member of the council, a good and righteous man

51

(he had not consented to their counsel and deed), from Arimathaea, a city of the Jews, who was also waiting for God’s Kingdom.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 51. Arimathea. In other parts of Scripture it is called Ramatha, a city of Judea, where Samuel, the prophet, was born. Ven. Bede.

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52

This man went to Pilate, and asked for Jesus’ body.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 52. This man went to Pilate. We may suppose that from his rank and condition in life, he had always access to Pilate.

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53

He took it down and wrapped it in a linen cloth, and laid him in a tomb that was cut in stone, where no one had ever been laid.

54

It was the day of the Preparation, and the Sabbath was drawing near.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 54. Parasceve. That is, the eve or day of preparation for the sabbath. Challoner.—And the sabbath drew near. Lit. shined. The sabbath began in the evening, at sunset. It may, perhaps, be said to shine by the moonlight, at full-moon, or because of a great many lights that used to be set up at that time, on account of the great sabbath. Witham.—We learn from Maimon, that all the Jews were so strictly bound to keep a light in their dwellings on the sabbath-day, that although a man had not bread to eat, he was expected to be from door to door, to purchase oil for his lamp. P.

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55

The women who had come with him out of Galilee followed after, and saw the tomb and how his body was laid.

56

They returned and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.