NEW TESTAMENT

Luke 20

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1

On one of those days, as he was teaching the people in the temple and preaching the Good News, the priests and scribes came to him with the elders.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 1. In one of the days. This happened on the last week (on the Tuesday) two or three days before Christ suffered. See the contents of this chapter, Matthew 21 and 22 and Mark 11 and 12. Witham.—Jesus Christ begins with stating the wide difference between the state of things in this mortal life and in that which is to come: that marriage necessary here, will be unnecessary hereafter. For, in this life, they are children of men, subject to death, and therefore under the necessity of continuing their race by generation; but in the next life, they shall be children of resurrection, living for eternity, never to die, and consequently sons of God, and immortal. Resurrection is a kind of regeneration to immortality. Hence Saint Paul explains to our Saviour’s rising again, these words of the 2nd Psalm: Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee. Calmet.

EXPLANATION

TR adds “chief”

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2

They asked him, “Tell us: by what authority do you do these things? Or who is giving you this authority?”

3

He answered them, “I also will ask you one question. Tell me:

4

the baptism of John, was it from heaven, or from men?”

5

They reasoned with themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why didn’t you believe him?’

6

But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are persuaded that John was a prophet.”

7

They answered that they didn’t know where it was from.

8

Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.”

9

He began to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard and rented it out to some farmers, and went into another country for a long time.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

NU (in brackets) and TR add “certain”

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10

At the proper season, he sent a servant to the farmers to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the farmers beat him and sent him away empty.

11

He sent yet another servant, and they also beat him and treated him shamefully, and sent him away empty.

12

He sent yet a third, and they also wounded him and threw him out.

13

The lord of the vineyard said, ‘What shall I do? I will send my beloved son. It may be that seeing him, they will respect him.’

14

“But when the farmers saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.’

15

Then they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do to them?

16

He will come and destroy these farmers, and will give the vineyard to others.” When they heard that, they said, “May that never be!”

17

But he looked at them and said, “Then what is this that is written, ‘The stone which the builders rejected was made the chief cornerstone’?

18

Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, but it will crush whomever it falls on to dust.”

19

The chief priests and the scribes sought to lay hands on him that very hour, but they feared the people—for they knew he had spoken this parable against them.

20

They watched him and sent out spies, who pretended to be righteous, that they might trap him in something he said, so as to deliver him up to the power and authority of the governor.

21

They asked him, “Teacher, we know that you say and teach what is right, and aren’t partial to anyone, but truly teach the way of God.

22

Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?”

23

But he perceived their craftiness, and said to them, “Why do you test me?

24

Show me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?” They answered, “Caesar’s.”

25

He said to them, “Then give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”

26

They weren’t able to trap him in his words before the people. They marveled at his answer and were silent.

27

Some of the Sadducees came to him, those who deny that there is a resurrection.

28

They asked him, “Teacher, Moses wrote to us that if a man’s brother dies having a wife, and he is childless, his brother should take the wife and raise up children for his brother.

29

There were therefore seven brothers. The first took a wife, and died childless.

30

The second took her as wife, and he died childless.

31

The third took her, and likewise the seven all left no children, and died.

32

Afterward the woman also died.

33

Therefore in the resurrection whose wife of them will she be? For the seven had her as a wife.”

34

Jesus said to them, “The children of this age marry and are given in marriage.

35

But those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage.

36

For they can’t die any more, for they are like the angels and are children of God, being children of the resurrection.

37

But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed at the bush, when he called the Lord ‘The God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’

38

Now he is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for all are alive to him.”

39

Some of the scribes answered, “Teacher, you speak well.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 39. The Scribes, seeing the Sadducees thus silenced, seemed to side entirely with our Saviour saying: Master, thou hast said well. And, apprehensive of being exposed to a similar disgrace and discomfiture themselves, they were afraid to ask him any more questions. But this was only an apparent and false conformity; for they afterwards procured him to be put to death by the Romans. Thus mortal hatred or envy may indeed be smothered for a time, but can hardly ever be extinguished. Theophylactus.

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40

They didn’t dare to ask him any more questions.

41

He said to them, “Why do they say that the Christ is David’s son?

42

David himself says in the book of Psalms, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand,

43

until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.”’

44

“David therefore calls him Lord, so how is he his son?”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 44. Christ indeed is both the Lord and Servant of David. He is Servant, according to the flesh, being a descendant of David; and he is Lord, according to the spirit, being Lord of all. Saint John Chrysostom—We hear in our times of a new sect of Pharisees, who neither believe that Christ is the true Son of God, nor that he is God born of a pure virgin. To such we object this question: How is he the Son of David, and his Lord? Not by human, but by divine dominion. S. Cyril.—He has two natures: the nature of man, according to which, David was his father; and the nature of God, according to which, he was Son of God, and Lord of David. Thus is the difficulty solved.

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45

In the hearing of all the people, he said to his disciples,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 45. How forcible are our divine Redeemer’s reasonings, when he uses any text out of the prophets. When he performs the most stupendous miracles, his enemies generally have something to reply; when he cites a text of Scripture, they have nothing to say. All are silent. Saint John Chrysostom

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46

“Beware of those scribes who like to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the marketplaces, the best seats in the synagogues, and the best places at feasts;

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 46. The reproach he makes the Scribes in this place, is similar to what he had objected against the Pharisees. S. Matthew 23:5. Both these sects were filled with the same spirit of pride and vanity, which shewed itself in their dress, in their exterior, and in every part of their conduct. If our Saviour here attacks them upon their long trains, or other affected forms of their dress, he does not pronounce an absolute condemnation of things, which in themselves are indifferent, but of their abuse of them, making them serve only the purpose of vanity and affectation. Calmet.

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47

who devour widows’ houses, and for a pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 47. These shall receive a greater condemnation, because they not only commit ordinary evil actions, but also make their prayers, and virtue itself, a cloak to their hypocrisy and vanity, and the cause of their greater depravity, famishing the widows whom themselves ought to compassionate and relieve. Theophylactus.—Or, the greater honours and rewards they received for their wickedness, the greater punishment must they endure to expiate it. Ven. Bede.—Jesus Christ seems in this place to allude to the avaricious practice of the Jews, draining the purses of widows by their stipulated long prayers for their departed husbands, (see Matthew 23:14. Mark 12:40) and thus abusing so holy a thing as prayer, merely to gratify their avarice.…

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