OLD TESTAMENT

Leviticus 7

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1

“‘This is the law of the trespass offering: It is most holy.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 1. Trespass. Trespasses, for which these offerings were to be made, were less offences, than those for which the sin-offerings were appointed. Challoner.—Delictum, trespass, answers to the Hebrew asham, and the Greek plemmeleia; ( Bible.) being of a more extensive signification that the Hebrew chete, sin, as it comprises even sins against knowledge. Parkhurst. See Calmet. 4:2.—No particular ceremonies are enjoined, (verse 7,) only a he-goat or a ram was to be offered; if the former, the rump, and so forth were to be given (verse 3); if the latter, the fat of the intestines and the reins were to be offered, and the blood poured out at the foot of the altar.—Victim. Septuagint “ram.”—Holy. To be eaten by priests, and in the court of the tabernacle, verse 6. Calmet.—Sins of commission, peccata, and of omission, delicta, are equally offensive to God. Saint Augustine q. 20. Worthington.

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2

In the place where they kill the burnt offering, he shall kill the trespass offering; and its blood he shall sprinkle around on the altar.

3

He shall offer all of its fat: the fat tail, and the fat that covers the innards,

4

and he shall take away the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys;

5

and the priest shall burn them on the altar for an offering made by fire to the LORD: it is a trespass offering.

6

Every male among the priests may eat of it. It shall be eaten in a holy place. It is most holy.

7

“‘As is the sin offering, so is the trespass offering; there is one law for them. The priest who makes atonement with them shall have it.

8

The priest who offers any man’s burnt offering shall have for himself the skin of the burnt offering which he has offered.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 8. Skin. Of these skins a great profit was made. Philo de præm. sacerd.

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9

Every meal offering that is baked in the oven, and all that is prepared in the pan and on the griddle, shall be the priest’s who offers it.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 9. Priest’s; to be divided among his brethren, verse 10. They officiated a week by turns. Calmet.—Each, therefore, claimed the parts allotted by God to the priest on duty. But it is not certain what part they could retain for their own use. Some think that the unbaked flour alone was to be distributed equally, verse 10. Bonfrere.

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10

Every meal offering, mixed with oil or dry, belongs to all the sons of Aaron, one as well as another.

11

“‘This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which one shall offer to the LORD:

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 11. This. Here the Roman, Sept., Junius, and so forth commence the 7th chapter.

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12

If he offers it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mixed with oil.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 12. Oil. Any of these sorts of bread would suffice. Jacob and Jethro had formerly offered sacrifices of praise, and the Greeks had some which they termed Soteria. Calmet.

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13

He shall offer his offering with the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving with cakes of leavened bread.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 13. Bread, for the use of the priests. Calmet. 2:11.

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14

Of it he shall offer one out of each offering for a heave offering to the LORD. It shall be the priest’s who sprinkles the blood of the peace offerings.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 14. Of which leavened bread, one, representing all the rest, shall be offered for first-fruits. Hebrew “a heave-offering,” not as a sacrifice. Menochius.—Others maintain that a loaf, without leaven, was laid upon the altar; and all the rest given to the priest. Calmet.

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15

The flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten on the day of his offering. He shall not leave any of it until the morning.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 15. Morning. Thus were they admonished to let the poor share of the bounty which God had bestowed upon them. Theod. and Philo.

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16

“‘But if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow, or a free will offering, it shall be eaten on the day that he offers his sacrifice. On the next day what remains of it shall be eaten,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 16. It. The victim of thanksgiving was more worthy, as it proceeded from a more disinterested motive. Menochius.—Such victims as were perfectly voluntary might be received, though they had some defect Calmet. 22:23.

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17

but what remains of the meat of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 17. Fire. No part must be reserved so long, as to become offensive and putrid. Calmet.

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18

If any of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is eaten on the third day, it will not be accepted, and it shall not be credited to him who offers it. It will be an abomination, and the soul who eats any of it will bear his iniquity.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 18. Yea rather. Hebrew “it is an abomination to be thrown away,” and the soul, and so forth Thus by neglecting to comply exactly with God’s commands, we lose the fruits of our former piety. Bible.—The flesh of these victims might be eaten in any clean place, by all those who were not defiled. Calmet. 10:14. Joseph. Tirinus.

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19

“‘The meat that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten. It shall be burned with fire. As for the meat, everyone who is clean may eat it;

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 19. Shall eat of it. That is, of the flesh of the thanks-offering. Challoner.—People might eat the flesh of animals which had been touched by something unclean. Deuteronomy 12:15. 22. But victims, defiled by any accident, were to be burnt. The others were to be eaten only by such as were clean. Menochius.

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20

but the soul who eats of the meat of the sacrifice of peace offerings that belongs to the LORD, having his uncleanness on him, that soul shall be cut off from his people.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 20. People excommunicated, or even slain, either by God, or by the judge. Calmet.

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21

When anyone touches any unclean thing, the uncleanness of man, or an unclean animal, or any unclean abomination, and eats some of the meat of the sacrifice of peace offerings which belong to the LORD, that soul shall be cut off from his people.’”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 21. Uncleanness of man, means a person defiled, or his excrements. A Lapide.

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22

The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

23

“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘You shall eat no fat, of bull, or sheep, or goat.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 23. Eat, when they have been once immolated. See Calmet. 3:17.

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24

The fat of that which dies of itself, and the fat of that which is torn of animals, may be used for any other service, but you shall in no way eat of it.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 24. Uses. Hebrew “for any other use: but you shall not eat it.” Origen (hom. 5,) seems to reject this fat entirely.

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25

For whoever eats the fat of the animal which men offer as an offering made by fire to the LORD, even the soul who eats it shall be cut off from his people.

26

You shall not eat any blood, whether it is of bird or of animal, in any of your dwellings.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 26. Beasts. Hence the Rabbins except the blood of fishes, as it is not specified. Calmet.

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27

Whoever it is who eats any blood, that soul shall be cut off from his people.’”

28

The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

29

“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘He who offers the sacrifice of his peace offerings to the LORD shall bring his offering to the LORD out of the sacrifice of his peace offerings.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 29. Sacrifice … Libations, flour, wine, and oil. Lyran.

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30

With his own hands he shall bring the offerings of the LORD made by fire. He shall bring the fat with the breast, that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before the LORD.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 30. Hands, upon a silver dish. The priest shall direct his hands to form a triple cross. Cajet. Tirinus.

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31

The priest shall burn the fat on the altar, but the breast shall be Aaron’s and his sons’.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 31. The breast, and other parts mentioned, Deuteronomy 18:3.

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32

The right thigh you shall give to the priest for a heave offering out of the sacrifices of your peace offerings.

33

He among the sons of Aaron who offers the blood of the peace offerings, and the fat, shall have the right thigh for a portion.

34

For the waved breast and the heaved thigh I have taken from the children of Israel out of the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons as their portion forever from the children of Israel.’”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 34. Separated from the breast for the Lord, and waved before Him, as the Hebrew intimates.

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35

This is the consecrated portion of Aaron, and the consecrated portion of his sons, out of the offerings of the LORD made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister to the LORD in the priest’s office;

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 35. Anointing. Le Clerc translates the food. On this Aaron shall be maintained. This shall be his salary or portion, in quality of God’s anointed.

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36

which the LORD commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them. It is their portion forever throughout their generations.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 36. Israel. Hebrew adds, “in the day of his anointing,” or consecration. Calmet.

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37

This is the law of the burnt offering, the meal offering, the sin offering, the trespass offering, the consecration, and the sacrifice of peace offerings

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 37. Law. Six sorts of sacrifices are here specified, holocausts, flour-offerings, sin and trespass-offerings, those for the consecration of priests, and the peace-offerings.

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38

which the LORD commanded Moses in Mount Sinai in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their offerings to the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 38. In, or at the foot of Mount Sinai. Bible.

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