Verse 1. Trespass. Trespasses, for which these offerings were to be made, were less offences, than those for which the sin-offerings were appointed. Challoner.—Delictum, trespass, answers to the Hebrew asham, and the Greek plemmeleia; ( Bible.) being of a more extensive signification that the Hebrew chete, sin, as it comprises even sins against knowledge. Parkhurst. See Calmet. 4:2.—No particular ceremonies are enjoined, (verse 7,) only a he-goat or a ram was to be offered; if the former, the rump, and so forth were to be given (verse 3); if the latter, the fat of the intestines and the reins were to be offered, and the blood poured out at the foot of the altar.—Victim. Septuagint “ram.”—Holy. To be eaten by priests, and in the court of the tabernacle, verse 6. Calmet.—Sins of commission, peccata, and of omission, delicta, are equally offensive to God. Saint Augustine q. 20. Worthington.
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Verse 8. Skin. Of these skins a great profit was made. Philo de præm. sacerd.
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Verse 9. Priest’s; to be divided among his brethren, verse 10. They officiated a week by turns. Calmet.—Each, therefore, claimed the parts allotted by God to the priest on duty. But it is not certain what part they could retain for their own use. Some think that the unbaked flour alone was to be distributed equally, verse 10. Bonfrere.
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Verse 11. This. Here the Roman, Sept., Junius, and so forth commence the 7th chapter.
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Verse 12. Oil. Any of these sorts of bread would suffice. Jacob and Jethro had formerly offered sacrifices of praise, and the Greeks had some which they termed Soteria. Calmet.
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Verse 13. Bread, for the use of the priests. Calmet. 2:11.
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Verse 14. Of which leavened bread, one, representing all the rest, shall be offered for first-fruits. Hebrew “a heave-offering,” not as a sacrifice. Menochius.—Others maintain that a loaf, without leaven, was laid upon the altar; and all the rest given to the priest. Calmet.
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Verse 15. Morning. Thus were they admonished to let the poor share of the bounty which God had bestowed upon them. Theod. and Philo.
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Verse 16. It. The victim of thanksgiving was more worthy, as it proceeded from a more disinterested motive. Menochius.—Such victims as were perfectly voluntary might be received, though they had some defect Calmet. 22:23.
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Verse 17. Fire. No part must be reserved so long, as to become offensive and putrid. Calmet.
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Verse 18. Yea rather. Hebrew “it is an abomination to be thrown away,” and the soul, and so forth Thus by neglecting to comply exactly with God’s commands, we lose the fruits of our former piety. Bible.—The flesh of these victims might be eaten in any clean place, by all those who were not defiled. Calmet. 10:14. Joseph. Tirinus.
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Verse 19. Shall eat of it. That is, of the flesh of the thanks-offering. Challoner.—People might eat the flesh of animals which had been touched by something unclean. Deuteronomy 12:15. 22. But victims, defiled by any accident, were to be burnt. The others were to be eaten only by such as were clean. Menochius.
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Verse 20. People excommunicated, or even slain, either by God, or by the judge. Calmet.
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Verse 21. Uncleanness of man, means a person defiled, or his excrements. A Lapide.
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Verse 23. Eat, when they have been once immolated. See Calmet. 3:17.
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Verse 24. Uses. Hebrew “for any other use: but you shall not eat it.” Origen (hom. 5,) seems to reject this fat entirely.
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Verse 26. Beasts. Hence the Rabbins except the blood of fishes, as it is not specified. Calmet.
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Verse 29. Sacrifice … Libations, flour, wine, and oil. Lyran.
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Verse 30. Hands, upon a silver dish. The priest shall direct his hands to form a triple cross. Cajet. Tirinus.
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Verse 31. The breast, and other parts mentioned, Deuteronomy 18:3.
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Verse 34. Separated from the breast for the Lord, and waved before Him, as the Hebrew intimates.
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Verse 35. Anointing. Le Clerc translates the food. On this Aaron shall be maintained. This shall be his salary or portion, in quality of God’s anointed.
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Verse 36. Israel. Hebrew adds, “in the day of his anointing,” or consecration. Calmet.
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Verse 37. Law. Six sorts of sacrifices are here specified, holocausts, flour-offerings, sin and trespass-offerings, those for the consecration of priests, and the peace-offerings.
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Verse 38. In, or at the foot of Mount Sinai. Bible.