Holofernes, the chief captain of the army of Asshur, was told that the children of Israel had prepared for war, had shut up the passages of the hill country, had fortified all the tops of the high hills, and had set up barricades in the plains.
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EXPLANATION
Verse 1. Mountains. Greek adds, “and had fortified every summit of a high mountain, and had placed scandals in the plains,” obstructing the passage ( Bible.) with ditches, trees, ( Calmet.) and snares of every description. Bible.
and he said to them, “Tell me now, you sons of Canaan, who are these people who dwell in the hill country? What are the cities that they inhabit? How large is their army? Where is their power and their strength? What king is set over them, to be the leader of their army?
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EXPLANATION
Verse 3. Them. Greek adds, “Ye sons of Chanaan tell.” He was not acquainted with their origin: the title belonged only to the Phœnicians, ( Calmet.) who might also be present. Bible.
Why have they turned their backs, that they should not come and meet me, more than all who dwell in the west?”
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Verse 4. East. Greek “west,” which seems more accurate, unless Holofernes was on the sea-coast, ( Calmet.) or that part of the country went by this name, as it does at present. Bible.—He was not absolutely unacquainted with the Jews, but spoke in contempt, (verse 27. Worthington. Menochius.) and wished to know if they had formed a league with the Egyptians, and so forth Calmet.
Then Achior, the leader of all the children of Ammon, said to him, “Let my lord now hear a word from the mouth of your servant, and I will tell you the truth concerning these people who dwell in this hill country, near to the place where you dwell. No lie will come out of the mouth of your servant.
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EXPLANATION
Verse 5. My. Greek “the mouth of thy slave.” Bible.
Verse 6. Chaldeans. Abraham was a native of Ur. Genesis 12. Calmet.—This tended to conciliate the favour of the general, who as of the same country. Menochius.
They departed from the way of their parents, and worshiped the God of heaven, the God whom they knew. Their parents cast them out from the face of their gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia and sojourned there many days.
Then their God commanded them to depart from the place where they sojourned, and to go into the land of Canaan. They lived there, and prospered with gold and silver, and with exceedingly much cattle.
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EXPLANATION
Verse 9. Heaven. Greek adds, “the God whom they had known, and they (the Chaldean idolaters) cast them out from the face of the gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia, and dwelt there many days: ( Bible. that is, about two years. Calmet.) and their God commanded them to leave their abode, and to go into the land of Chanaan; and they dwelt there, and were enriched; … and when,” and so forth—There. Greek “and where there till they returned; and there they became innumerable.” Bible.
Then they went down into Egypt, for a famine covered all the land of Canaan. They sojourned there until they had grown up. They became a great multitude there, so that one could not count the population of their nation.
Then the king of Egypt rose up against them, and dealt subtly with them, and brought them low, making them labor in brick, and made them slaves.
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EXPLANATION
Verse 11. Plague. Greek adds, “for which there was no remedy. And the Egyptians cast them out from among them. And God dried up the Red Sea before them, and conducted them to Mount Sinai and Cades-Barne, and cast out all the inhabitants of the desert; and they dwelt in the land of the Amorrhites, and exterminated all the Hesebon, by their power. Then crossing the Jordan, they took as their inheritance all the mountainous parts, and ejected the Chanaanite, Pherezite, Jebusite, Sichem, and all the Gergesites, and dwelt therein many days. And,” verse 21. Bible.—The environs of Sichem belonged to the Hevites. Calmet.
EXPLANATION
Some authorities read and he brought them low with clay and brick, and so forth
They lived in the land of the Amorites, and they destroyed by their strength everyone in Heshbon. Passing over Jordan, they possessed all the hill country.
They cast out before them the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite, the Shechemite, and all the Girgashites, and they lived in that country many days.
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Verse 16. Overcame, in the days of Josue, ( Menochius.) at Jericho, and so forth Bible.
But when they departed from the way which he appointed them, they were destroyed in many severe battles, and were led captives into a land that was not theirs. The temple of their God was razed to the ground, and their cities were taken by their adversaries.
And now they have returned to their God, and have come up from the dispersion where they were dispersed, and have possessed Jerusalem, where their sanctuary is, and are settled in the hill country; for it was desolate.
And now, my lord and master, if there is any error in this people, and they sin against their God, we will find out what this thing is in which they stumble, and we will go up and overcome them.
But if there is no lawlessness in their nation, let my lord now pass by, lest their Lord defend them, and their God be for them, and we will be a reproach before all the earth.”
It came to pass, when Achior had finished speaking these words, all the people standing around the tent complained. The great men of Holofernes, and all who lived by the sea side and in Moab, said that he should be cut to pieces.
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EXPLANATION
Verse 22. Battles. He seems to speak of the captivity of Manasses, ( Worthington.) of the ten tribes, and of the loss sustained by Achaz. 2 Chronicles 28:5. Menochius.—By many. Greek “exceedingly; and they were led captive into a land which was not their own, and the temple of their God became as a pavement, and their cities were taken by the enemies. But now, returning to their God, they are come up from the places to which they had been scattered, and have possession of Jerusalem, where is their sanctuary; and they have inhabited the mountainous country, for it was a desert.” Bible.—Our adversaries would infer from this, and similar passages, that the siege of Bethulia could not have taken place till after the captivity of Babylon; and this many Catholics allow. But the proof is not conclusive, as all this might be verified under Manasses: ( Calmet.) “the temple was trampled on,” (Syr. εγεννηθη εις εδαφος) and profaned. See Calmet. 4:2 and 1 Maccabees 3:51 and Luke 21:24. It had been pillaged by Sesac and the Assyrians, and had stood in need of great repairs under Ezechias, Josias, and so forth Several of the Israelites had escaped from the hands of their oppressors, (2 Chronicles 34:9) and the Jews had regained their strength after the captivity of Manasses, ( Calmet.) having retired before into their strong holds in the deserts. Bible.
For, they said, “We will not be afraid of the children of Israel, because, behold, they are a people that has no power nor might to make the battle strong.