Matthew 5:38–48

Verse 38. Hence your doctors have concluded that revenge, equal to the injury, was permitted.

Verse 39. Not to resist evil; [6] that is not to resist or revenge thyself of him that hath done evil to thee.—Turn him the other cheek. Let him have also thy cloak. These are to be understood as admonitions to Christians, to forgive every one, and to bear patiently all manner of private injuries. But we must not from hence conclude it unlawful for any one to have recourse to the laws, when a man is injured, and cannot have justice by any other means. Witham.—What is here commanded, is a Christian patience under injuries and affronts, and to be willing even to suffer still more, rather than to indulge the desire of revenge; but what is further added does not strictly oblige according to the letter, for neither did Christ, nor Saint Paul, turn the other cheek. Saint John 18 and Acts 23. Challoner.—Hence also the Anabaptists infer, that it is not lawful to go to law even for our just rights; and Luther, that Christians ought not to resist the Turks. B.

Verse 41. Go with him other two. [7] I know many interpreters would have it to signify no more than two in all. But the literal sense of the Latin, and also of the best Greek MSS. (as Dr. Wells takes notice in his amendments to the Prot. translation) express two more, that is not only as far again, but twice as far. And thus it is expounded by Saint Augustine Serm. Domini in monte. t. iii. p. 193. Ed Ben. Witham.—Continue to be his guide sooner than lose patience, or be wanting in charity. A.

Verse 43. And hate thy enemy. The words of the law (Levit. 19:18) are only these: thou shalt love thy friend as thyself; but by a false gloss and inference, these words, and hate thy enemy, were added by the Jewish doctors. Witham.

not in the Bible, but see Qumran Manual of Discipline Ix, 21-26

Verse 44. I come to establish the purity of the law, which they have corrupted. A.

Verse 46. The publicans. These were the gatherers of the public taxes: a set of men, odious and infamous among the Jews, for their extortions and injustice. Challoner.

NU reads “Gentiles” instead of “tax collectors”.

Verse 48. Jesus Christ here sums up his instructions by ordering us to be perfect as our heavenly Father is perfect; that is to imitate, as far as our exertions, assisted by divine grace, can reach, the divine perfection. Witham.—See here the great superiority of the new over the old law. But let no one hence take occasion to despise the old. Let him examine attentively, says S. Chrysostom, the different periods of time, and the persons to whom it was given; and he will admire the wisdom of the divine Legislator, and clearly perceive that it is one and the same Lord, and that each law was to the great advantage of mankind, and wisely adapted to the times of their promulgation. For, if among the first principles of rectitude, these sublime and eminent truths had been found, perhaps neither these, nor the less perfect rules of mortality would have been observed; whereas, by disposing of both in their proper time, the divine wisdom has employed both for the correction of the world. Hom. xviii. Seeing then that we are thus blessed as to be called, and to be the children of so excellent a Father, we should endeavour, like Him, to excel in goodness, meekness, and charity; but above all in humility, which will secure to us the merit of good works, through the infinite merits of our divine Redeemer, Master, and model, Christ Jesus the Lord. A.