1
“This is the thing that you shall do to them to make them holy, to minister to me in the priest’s office: take one young bull and two rams without defect,
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OLD TESTAMENT
All chapters Exodus 29
The Holy Bible · EnglishOpen an explanation beneath verses with notes. Your notes and highlights stay on this device.
2
unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. You shall make them of fine wheat flour.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 2. Wafers, (lagana.) They knead them with water, and afterwards fry or bake them with oil. Saint Isidore Such wafers are very common in Italy. Calmet.
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3
You shall put them into one basket, and bring them in the basket, with the bull and the two rams.
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4
You shall bring Aaron and his sons to the door of the Tent of Meeting, and shall wash them with water.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 4. Washed. The pagans never approached their mysteries, without divers purifications and washing. Saint Clement strom. 5. Exterior cleanliness was designed to signify the purity of the heart, with which we must appear before God. Calmet.—It is for this reason we take holy-water, when we go into our chapels, and we wash our fingers before and during Mass. Bible.
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5
You shall take the garments, and put on Aaron the tunic, the robe of the ephod, the ephod, and the breastplate, and clothe him with the skillfully woven band of the ephod.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 5. Vestments. No mention is made of breeches, because they had them on, while they were washing. V. Bede.—Belt. Septuagint have read esson, instead of chesheb. “Thou shalt tie the rational to the ephod.” Calmet.
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6
You shall set the turban on his head, and put the holy crown on the turban.
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7
Then you shall take the anointing oil, and pour it on his head, and anoint him.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 7. Pour, in the form of a cross or T, according to many of the Rabbin, and so forth The inferior priests were anointed only on the hands. The Levites were sprinkled with oil, mixed with the blood of the victims. The custom of anointing prophets, priests, and kings, was peculiar to the Jews; as if to foreshow Christ, the great anointed of the Lord. Saint Augustine Psalms 44. Daniel 9:24.
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8
You shall bring his sons, and put tunics on them.
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9
You shall clothe them with belts, Aaron and his sons, and bind headbands on them. They shall have the priesthood by a perpetual statute. You shall consecrate Aaron and his sons.
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10
“You shall bring the bull before the Tent of Meeting; and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the bull.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 10. Head. Confessing that they are sinners, and deserve to die. Thus they shall substitute the victim instead of themselves, and obtain pardon. In the holocaust, (verse 15,) and the peace-offering, (verse 19,) they impose their hands, having first washed them) and pronounce some prayer. Calmet.
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11
You shall kill the bull before the LORD at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 11. Beside. Al, is now wanting in the printed Hebrew and Sam. though expressed by the Protestant translators, (who often help their text) and by all the ancient versions. Kennicott mentions one MS. which retains it very properly. Bible.—The victim was offered on the altar of holocausts, before the tabernacle, the seat of God’s majesty. Calmet.—Moses was the priest on this occasion. Menochius. Psalms 98:6.
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12
You shall take of the blood of the bull, and put it on the horns of the altar with your finger; and you shall pour out all the blood at the base of the altar.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 12. Horns. This was done in all the sacrifices of expiation. After Aaron was ordained, he carried the blood into the sanctuary, for the sins of all. Calmet.
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13
You shall take all the fat that covers the innards, the cover of the liver, the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, and burn them on the altar.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 13. Burnt-offering, (incensum.) To evaporate like incense. Menochius.—God requires what is most fat and delicious. Calmet.—The Persians never reserved any of the victims for their idols, except the caul. Strabo xv.
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14
But the meat of the bull, and its skin, and its dung, you shall burn with fire outside of the camp. It is a sin offering.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 14. Sin of the high priest and people. In the other sin-offerings, this was not done. Menochius.
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15
“You shall also take the one ram, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the ram.
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16
You shall kill the ram, and you shall take its blood, and sprinkle it around on the altar.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 16. About, upon the altar, and at the foot of it. So the pagans did. Euseb. præp. iv. 9.
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17
You shall cut the ram into its pieces, and wash its innards, and its legs, and put them with its pieces, and with its head.
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18
You shall burn the whole ram on the altar: it is a burnt offering to the LORD; it is a pleasant aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 18. Victim. Hebrew ishe, means a whole burnt-offering.
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19
“You shall take the other ram, and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the ram.
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20
Then you shall kill the ram, and take some of its blood, and put it on the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and on the tip of the right ear of his sons, and on the thumb of their right hand, and on the big toe of their right foot; and sprinkle the blood around on the altar.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 20. Tip, or “softer par.t” Septuagint This ceremony insinuated, that the priests ought to be all attentive, and perform their office with diligence. Philo. Vit. Mos. 3.
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21
You shall take of the blood that is on the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it on Aaron, and on his garments, and on his sons, and on the garments of his sons with him: and he shall be made holy, and his garments, and his sons, and his sons’ garments with him.
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22
Also you shall take some of the ram’s fat, the fat tail, the fat that covers the innards, the cover of the liver, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them, and the right thigh (for it is a ram of consecration),
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 22. Rump, or tail, for which the sheep of Arabia were famed; some having tails three yards long, others a yard thick. Herodot. iii. 113. They weighed from 12 to 30 pounds, and were almost all fat. Calmet.
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23
and one loaf of bread, one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of unleavened bread that is before the LORD.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 23. Roll. (torta) Hebrew kikkar, “a loaf.” Septuagint “a loaf or cake of oil.” Bible.
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24
You shall put all of this in Aaron’s hands, and in his sons’ hands, and shall wave them for a wave offering before the LORD.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 24. Elevating, and then letting them descend towards the earth. After which, Moses lifted the victims towards the east and west, and from north to south, to shew that God is the Sovereign of the world. R. Solomon.—Cato (Rustic. 34,) mentions a similar custom, of agitating or waving bread, in honour of Janus and of Jupiter. Calmet.
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25
You shall take them from their hands, and burn them on the altar on the burnt offering, for a pleasant aroma before the LORD: it is an offering made by fire to the LORD.
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26
“You shall take the breast of Aaron’s ram of consecration, and wave it for a wave offering before the LORD. It shall be your portion.
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27
You shall sanctify the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the wave offering, which is waved, and which is raised up, of the ram of consecration, even of that which is for Aaron, and of that which is for his sons.
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28
It shall be for Aaron and his sons as their portion forever from the children of Israel; for it is a wave offering. It shall be a wave offering from the children of Israel of the sacrifices of their peace offerings, even their wave offering to the LORD.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 28. Israel. As these parts have been offered by Aaron to the Lord, so the Israelites shall present them to him and his sons, when they offer sacrifice. Menochius.—All the different kinds of victims were immolated on this occasion, because the priests were consecrated to offer them all. D.
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29
“The holy garments of Aaron shall be for his sons after him, to be anointed in them, and to be consecrated in them.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 29. Vesture. A new one was not made for every high priest. Calmet.—One of the other priests had to perform the ceremony of consecration. Menochius.
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30
Seven days shall the son who is priest in his place put them on, when he comes into the Tent of Meeting to minister in the holy place.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 30. Days. During which he could not leave the sanctuary. Levit. 8:33. On each day, the aforesaid ceremonies were to be repeated, verse 35.
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31
“You shall take the ram of consecration and boil its meat in a holy place.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 31. Holy place. The court of the tabernacle, where a constant fire was kept, to prepare the food of the priests, and sometimes of others, who wished to eat their share of the victims in the presence of the Lord.
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32
Aaron and his sons shall eat the meat of the ram, and the bread that is in the basket, at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
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33
They shall eat those things with which atonement was made, to consecrate and sanctify them; but a stranger shall not eat of it, because they are holy.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 33. Stranger. The Levites themselves could not partake of these things.
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34
If anything of the meat of the consecration, or of the bread, remains to the morning, then you shall burn the remainder with fire. It shall not be eaten, because it is holy.
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35
“You shall do so to Aaron and to his sons, according to all that I have commanded you. You shall consecrate them seven days.
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36
Every day you shall offer the bull of sin offering for atonement. You shall cleanse the altar when you make atonement for it. You shall anoint it, to sanctify it.
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37
Seven days you shall make atonement for the altar, and sanctify it; and the altar shall be most holy. Whatever touches the altar shall be holy.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 37. Seven. This number is frequently prescribed in Scripture. Balaam required seven altars, (Numbers 23) and the Egyptians never spent less than seven days in their expiations. Porphyr. Abstin. 4. Calmet.—Shall be holy, consecrated according to this rite, ( Menochius.) or defiled; for sacred things purify those who approach in a proper manner, while they defile or increase the guilt of the unworthy. Calmet.—By the unleavened bread, (verse 23,) we are reminded of the blessed eucharist; and by oil, of the grace of the spirit. D.
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38
“Now this is that which you shall offer on the altar: two lambs a year old day by day continually.
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39
The one lamb you shall offer in the morning; and the other lamb you shall offer at evening;
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 39. Morning. About sun-rise.—Evening, or between the two vespers. Exodus 12:6. The lambs were provided by the people; flour, wine, and oil, by the priests. Philo.—The wine was poured at the foot of the altar, the flour and oil were burnt upon it, and not placed on the head of the victim, as was customary among the pagans, frontique invergit vina sacerdos. Virg. vi. Maimon. By these sacrifices, God was to be adored as the author both of day and night; ( Menochius.) and we are admonished of our duty of praying to him, particularly at those times. Bible.—All the sacrifices prefigured that of Christ, (Saint Augustine c. advers. i. 18,) but none more than these of lambs. Orig. in Jo. Worthington.
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40
and with the one lamb a tenth part of an ephah of fine flour mixed with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil, and the fourth part of a hin of wine for a drink offering.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 40. Part of an epha, half of which was used in each sacrifice.
1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel
A hin is about 6.5 liters or 1.7 gallons, so a fourth of a hin is about 1.6 liters.
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41
The other lamb you shall offer at evening, and shall do to it according to the meal offering of the morning and according to its drink offering, for a pleasant aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD.
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42
It shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the Tent of Meeting before the LORD, where I will meet with you, to speak there to you.
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43
There I will meet with the children of Israel; and the place shall be sanctified by my glory.
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ExplanationCommentary
Verse 43. Glory, or presence, or by the flame which shall come down from heaven to consume the victim. Leviticus 9:24.
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44
I will sanctify the Tent of Meeting and the altar. I will also sanctify Aaron and his sons to minister to me in the priest’s office.
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45
I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their God.
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46
They shall know that I am the LORD their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, that I might dwell among them: I am the LORD their God.
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