Verse 1. For a remembrance, that is of our miseries and sins; and to be sung on the sabbath-day. Challoner.—This sabbath might also allude to the indolent rest which occasioned the fall of David. 2 Kennicott. 11:1. Bible.—Hebrew mentions not the sabbath; and it is not known ( Calmet.) why the Septuagint made this addition. The prophet may have Christ suffering for our sins in view, (Bert.) though he probably composed this psalm, when he was afflicted with an illness after this fall. Rab. Muis, and so forth Calmet.—It contains an excellent model for penitents, ( Calmet.) to enable them to regain peace of conscience, (Saint Gregory) and paradise, from which they are banished by sin. Saint Augustine—This remembrance ( Worthington.) is most essential. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 2. Wrath. God is incapable of passion: but man deserves to be treated with the utmost rigour; and this David deprecates, begging that God would act rather like a physician in his regard. Theod. Calmet.—The same petition occurs in psalm 6; and this ought to caution people not to make imprecations, since God’s judgments are so terrible. Bert.—Saint Augustine and Saint Gregory explain this text of the fire of hell, and of purgatory. 1 Corinthians 3:15. Bible.—Though some be saved by the latter, “yet is that fire more grievous than whatever man can suffer in this life.” Saint Augustine—“I esteem that transitory fire more intolerable than all present tribulation.” Saint Gregory Worthington.—We may therefore pray, “Here burn,” and so forth with the same Saint Augustine who assures us, (Gen. con. Man. ii. 20.) that “he who cultivates not the field of his soul, will, after this life, experience either the fire of purgatory or eternal punishment.” Bible.
Psalms
Verse 3. Arrows. Afflictions, ( Worthington.) or the word of God, which convert the sinner. Saint Augustine—The admonition of Nathan had made the deepest impression on David. He was also visited by sickness, like Job 6:4 and 19:21.
Psalms
Verse 4. Sins. These occasion my great affliction, when I reflect on thy justice. Worthington.—I chastise myself. Euseb.—Saint Augustine explains all this of original sin. Calmet.—Jesus bore the weight of all our sins, which are above our comprehension, verse 5. Bert.
Psalms
Verse 5. Me. They press upon me like a deluge or huge weight. Calmet.—The sin of David had many aggravations. Bert.—His punishment was also great. Calmet.—His spirit was almost overwhelmed, as the sins which are not bewailed, bring on other transgressions. Worthington.—It is not so much sin as the neglect of penance, which destroys men. Bert.—This folly is here acknowledged by David. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 6. Foolishness, or sin. Shame has made me conceal the state of my soul; and hence evil has increased. Saint Jerome and so forth Calmet.—The poisoned wound has infected other parts which were sound: ( Worthington.) chaburoth denotes sores, or “wounds still fresh or mortifying,” ( Bible.) rather than scars. Menochius.—All sin is properly styled foolishness, as no prudent man should commit any. Orig.
Psalms
Verse 7. End. Hebrew “exceedingly,” while a person feels his state is not desperate. Bert.—Sorrowful. Hebrew “in black,” which may refer either to the mourning attire, ( Calmet.) or to the “countenance.” Sym.—Grief will allow me to take no rest. Orig.—I dare not look up to heaven, ( Calmet.) nor can I walk straight, to perform any good work ( Worthington.) of myself. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 8. Loins. Ψοαι, as the Alex. and Comp. Septuagint read, though the Vat. has ψυχη, soul, ( Bible.) with the Arab. and so forth—Illusions. Hebrew nikle, “burning.” Pagn. “shameful ulcer.” Houb. “Ignominy.” Saint Jerome Bible.—David acknowledges that the irregular motions of concupiscence were an effect of his transgression. The Jews and Greeks place these sensations in the loins. 3 Kennicott. 8:10. Plato triplicem finxit animan, cujus principatum in capite, iram in pectore, cupiditatem subter præcordia locavit. Cicero, Tusc. 1. Calmet.—Flesh. Concupiscence striving in me.
Psalms
Verse 9. Heart. I give vent to my inward grief by loud lamentations.
Psalms
Verse 10. Desire, to be restored to thy favour. Worthington.—Thou alone canst heal me. Calmet.
Psalms
Verse 11. Troubled. Hebrew “beats,” palpitat. Houb.—Itself. Hebrew “even they are,” and so forth Bible.—I was no longer endued with the spirit of prophecy, (S. Bas.) till my conversion, (Saint Augustine) nor an object of favour. Bible.—I was abandoned to myself, ( Calmet.) quitting thy light. Saint Ambrose—My eyes have been hurt by weeping ( Bible.) and maladies, ( Calmet.) while my heart is become so corrupt, that I do not relish or discern spiritual things. Bible.—The beauty of virtue, and the enormity of vice, do not strike me. Menochius.
Psalms
Verse 12. Have. Hebrew “over-against my wound ( Bible.) or leprosy.” Calmet. Prot. “stand aloof from my sore.” Bible.—But the original means rather “near to.” Septuagint may have read u for i, in nighi. Bert.—But Sym. and S. Jerom translate, “stood against my leprosy, ( Bible.) and my neighbour stood at a distance;” as if they had been afraid of the contagion. Job (19:13. 19) makes the same complaints. Calmet.—These manners of worldlings may be seen in every age, and ought not to fill us with surprise. Bert. John 15:18.—David was abandoned by Achitophel, and by most of the tribe of Juda, (Theod.) as our Saviour was by his disciples. Saint Augustine
Psalms
Verse 13. Violence. Hebrew “laid snares.” This treatment might be expected from enemies, since friends proved so treacherous. Bible.—They would willingly have slain David. The will is often put for the deed. Calmet.—Things. Endeavouring to engage me again in sin, being displeased because I have quitted their evil company; ( Worthington.) or they raise their fortune, by causing dissensions in the state. This might be well applied to the Pharisees, who persecuted Christ.
Psalms
Verse 14. Mouth. I utterly renounce all sin. Worthington.—David would make no reply to Semei, (Theod.) nor our Saviour to Pilate. Calmet.—Silence is often the best defence. Bible.—Eagerness to justify one’s self, causes trouble and disedification. Bert.—The prophet joins the deaf and dumb; as those who have naturally the former defect, are also afflicted with the latter. Pliny x. 69. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 16. Hoped. This was the reason of his silence. Bert.—He knew that God was in a manner engaged to defend those ( Calmet.) who rely ( Worthington.) wholly on Him; and he declared such to be his disposition. Bible.—Hear me. The same term thahane means, “wilt answer” (Mont.) as a judge and advocate. Bible.—God will one day manifest the justice of his elect. Bert.
Psalms
Verse 17. For. On this account I turn to thee, and entreat thee not to suffer my enemies to gain the victory. Worthington.—My humble and earnest prayer is another motive of confidence.—My enemies is not expressed in Hebrew Calmet.—I decline saying any thing in my own defence, lest I should offend God. Menochius.
Psalms
Verse 18. Scourges. Prot. to “halt,” letselah. Bible.—Saint Jerome ad plagas. Chal. “for calamity.” (Bert.) See Psalms 34:15. I speak not through impatience, as I know that my sins deserve still more. Calmet.—I resign myself to thee. Worthington.—This was admirably verified in Jesus Christ, the victim for our sins. Calmet.—Before me. I cannot forget my transgression. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 19. Sin. Though Thou knowest all things, I will confess that I may be saved; and will meditate on what I have deserved. Worthington.—He goes to the source of his malady. Calmet.—“Be not secure after confession of thy sin, as being always ready to confess and to offend. Declare thy iniquities in such a manner as to take care on account of thy sin.” Saint Augustine—Confession without repentance is only a mockery. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 20. Stronger. Hebrew “strong, and they,” and so forth Bible.—Art thou deaf to my cries? Calmet.
Psalms
Verse 21. Detracted me, by insinuating that my repentance is hypocrisy. Another mode of detracting is by making known secret faults, ( Worthington.) as calumny imputes false ones. Bible.—Goodness. Septuagint “justice.” Many Greek and Latin copies add: “They have rejected me, the beloved, (Theod. Arab.) as one dead, as an abomination.”—Forsake, verse 22. Saint Ambrose Calmet.
Psalms
Verse 23. Attend. Hebrew “hasten;” which is the sense of προσχες, “attend.” Septuagint Bible.