Historical chapter commentary
Verse 1. Edom. The Jews understand this of the Romans; others apply it to themselves; but it seems to speak of the Idumeans.—Ambassador, prophet, or angel; or God has suffered the passions of men to act. All is here animated. God appears leading on the various nations. Calmet.—He directed their thoughts to unite against Edom. Worthington.—Yet he did not approve of their ambition. Bible.
Verse 2. Contemptible. The nations of Chaldea, and so forth were far more potent. Yet Edom must be brought still lower.
Verse 3. Rocks. Hebrew “Selah,” or Petra, the capital. Calmet.—People dwell in caverns from Eleutheropolis to Ailath. Saint Jerome
Verse 4. Down. Job 20:6. How vain is all human power!
Verse 5. Cluster. Jeremiah 49:9. The Chaldeans take all, and remove the people. verse 7.
Verse 7. Peace. The enemy had used their services against the Jews; but now they invade their confederates. Calmet.—Of this the Idumeans were not aware. Bible.
Verse 8. Esau. Job and Eliphaz were both from this country.
Verse 9. South. Hebrew “Theman,” ( Calmet.) where the Romans kept a garrison, fifteen miles south of Petra. Saint Jerome
Verse 10. Slaughter. They invaded the dominions of Achaz, and incited the enemy to destroy all. 2 Chronicles 28:17. Psalms 136:7.
Verse 11. Captive. He alludes to the taking of Sedecias.—Lots, for the booty, or whether they should burn the city or not. All was regulated by lots. Calmet.
Verse 12. Thou shalt not look, and so forth or thou shouldst not, and so forth It is a reprehension for what they had done, and at the same time a declaration that these things should not pass unpunished. Challoner.—God admonishes, and at the same time insinuates that the Idumeans would act quite the reverse. Worthington.—Magnify. Literally, thou shalt not speak arrogantly against the children of Juda, as insulting them in their distress, ( Challoner.) like people mocking. When they shall be themselves afflicted, they shall cease to upbraid the Jews. Calmet.
Verse 13. Army. Hebrew also, “goods.” Septuagint “thou wilt not join their army in the day of ruin.” Bible.—Thou wilt have other things to think about.
Verse 14. Flee. The Idumeans might easily have concealed the fugitives. But they were so inhuman as to fall upon them, ( Calmet.) or drive them back.
Verse 15. Nations around. Bible.—Josephus (x. 11.) does not specify Edom. But the prophets had announced their destruction, effected by Nabuchodonosor, while the main part of his army besieged Tyre. Calmet.
Verse 16. Drink. They shall rejoice at your fall, as you did at that of Juda; (Saint Jerome) or, as my people has not been spared, can you expect to escape? Jeremiah 49:12.—Not. These nations and the Chaldeans themselves were brought low, while the Jews regained the regal power. The cup denotes vengeance. Psalms 74:9. Plautus uses the same expression: ut senex hoc eodem poculo, quo ego bibi, biberet. Casina. Calmet.
Verse 17. Sion. This prosperity, in the historical sense, was promised to the Jews, after their return; and they enjoyed as much of it as their sins did not hinder; the rest was fulfilled in Christ. Saint Jerome ad Dard. Worthington.—Holy. Providence watched over the Jews in a particular manner, while the neighbouring nations fell a prey to the Persians, to Alexander, and so forth The persecution of Epiphanes was sharp, but of short duration; and it gave occasion to the Jews to regain their liberty, and to have kings Calmet.) little ( Bible.) inferior to those of old.—Them. Hebrew “its goods.” The Jews obtained all Palestine. Calmet.—Christ extends his dominion over the world. Theod.
Verse 18. Stubble. The Jews often attacked Edom, and at last forced them to submit to the law of circumcision.—Remains. Septuagint cop. vary; “corn fire or carrier.” Bible.—Those who escaped alone from battle had the former title. Hesyc. πυρφορος. Calmet.—Priests went with fire before the armies engaged. If they were slain, it was a sign, that no quarter was given, as these were accounted sacred. Grabe. Prol. Bible.
Verse 19. Plains. Sephala. Joshua 10:40.—Samaria, which the Cutheans had occupied, till Alexander subjected them to the Jews, and Hircan asserted his authority. Jos. Ant. xiii. 18.—Galaad, east of the Jordan. Benjamin alone did not occupy this country.
Verse 20. Sarepta. This was accomplished after the persecution of Epiphanes.—Bosphorus. So S. Jerom’s master interpreted Bispharad. But it seems rather to mean a part of Mesopotamia. Sippara stands above, where the Euphrates divides its streams.
Verse 21. Saviours, the Machabees, as figures of Christ. The temporal power of the Jews ended thirty-seven years after his resurrection. Calmet.—The rest of this prophecy (verse 19) regards Christ’s kingdom over all nations, which believe in him, and receive the remission of their sins. Acts 10:43. Saint Augustine de Civ. Dei. xviii. 31. Worthington.
JONAS
THE PROPHECY OF JONAS
The word translated “Lord” is “Adonai.”
When rendered in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, “LORD” or “GOD” is the translation of God’s Proper Name (Hebrew “יהוה”, usually pronounced Yahweh).
“Behold”, from “הִנֵּה”, means look at, take notice, observe, see, or gaze at. It is often used as an interjection.