Acts 14

Verse 1. And of the Greeks. Which is here put for the Gentiles. Witham.

Verse 2. The unbelieving Jews stirred up, and so forth It would hence appear, that the former were not very scrupulous in the means they took to oppose the gospel. They, who would have been dreadfully scandalized to have spoken to a Gentile for any good purpose, are not very nice in having intercourse with them to irritate them against the apostles. Such is the general conduct of men whose religion is vain. That sacred name is used for a pretext to authorize the most unwarrantable actions. A.

or, disobedient

Verse 3. To the word of his grace. That is, of the gospel, and the law of grace. Witham.

Verse 8. Perceiving that he had. It does not appear that Saint Paul had any previous conversation with the man he healed on this occasion, or demanded from him any testimony of his faith. But he saw that he had faith, perhaps by inspiration, or by the confidence and eagerness the lame man may have shewn in his countenance and actions. Calmet, and so forth

Verse 11. And they called Barnabas, Jupiter. Perhaps because he was of taller and finer stature; for, according to Nicephorus (hist. ii. 37.) Saint Paul was very low in size, and much bent; hence S. Chrysostom says of him, tricubitalis est, & cœlos transcendit, though not more than three cubits high, he yet transcends the heavens, and hence for his eloquence, he was called Mercury. Jupiter was said to take Mercury with him, as may be seen in Amphitryone Plauti.

Verse 12. Garlands. These might be for the victims, as they generally were crowned, or had gilded horns.

Victima labe carens, præstantissima forma,

Sistitur ante aras, vittis præsignis et auro.—Ovid.

—Or they might be for the two pretended gods, as it was usual to crown their statues. Pliny, lib. xvi. chapter 4.—The priests likewise themselves, who sacrificed, wore crowns. Virgil. Æneid ii.

Verse 14. We also are mortals. The enraptured people wished to pay divine homage, θοειν, to the apostles, and therefore they indignantly reject the proffered honours. The Catholic Church has but one external sacrifice, and this she offereth to God only, and “neither to Peter nor to Paul, saith S. Augustin, though the priest that sacrificeth, standeth over their bodies, and offereth in their memories.” l. viii. de Civit. Dei. chapter 27.

Verse 15. Suffered all nations to walk in their own way. Lit. dismissed all nations, suffering them to run on in their idolatry, and other sins, not favouring them with a written law, as he did the Jews, and so forth Witham.

Verse 16. He left not himself without testimony. Inasmuch as the Gentiles had always the light of reason, and such lights, that by the created things of this world, and from the visible effects of God’s providence, they might have come to the knowledge of the true God, the creator of all things. See Rom. chapter 1. Witham.—God did not leave himself without testimony among the Gentiles. He did not leave them without the means of discovering the way which led to him. They had the law of nature engraved in their hearts, the knowledge of good and evil, and so forth Menochius.—Therefore they were inexcusable, if they did not know him. The invisible things of God, his eternal divinity might have been known to them from the consideration of the visible creation. Romans 1:20.

TR reads “us” instead of “you”

Verse 21. Through many tribulations. Our daily offences require the paternal chastisement of the Almighty. The concupiscence of the flesh too, which wills against the spirit, must be subdued by punishment. Wo then to you, lovers of this world, who wish to pass your lives without tribulation, enemies of the cross. Senseless creatures, is the disciple above his master? Did it not become Christ first to suffer, and thus to enter into his glory? and shall we pretend to enter by any other means? and so forth Bible. Denis. Carthus.

Verse 22. When they had ordained for them priests. [1] The Prot. translation, following the grammatical etymology of the Greek word presbyter, always puts elders. Yet they of the Church of England allow, and maintain, that by this Greek word in this, and many other places, are signified the ministers of God, known by the name of bishops or priests, according to the ecclesiastical use of the same word. It is evident that here are not meant elders, as to age and years. Nay, though we adhere to the grammatical signification, we should rather translate priests, since the English word priest, as well as the French word prêtre, come from presbyter. But of this word more hereafter. We may also take notice, that the Calvinists here translate, ordained by election, pretending by the derivation of the Greek word, that church ministers were only chosen, and deputed by the votes and suffrages of people; and not by any ordination, or consecration by a bishop; nor by any character or sacrament of order. But their argument from this Greek word is frivolous, and groundless, as hath been shewn by Mr. Bois on this verse, by Mr. Legh in his Critica Sacra, and so forth Witham.—We see from this text, 1st, that SS. Paul and Barnabas were bishops, having authority to confer holy orders: 2d. that there was even then a difference betwixt bishops and priests, though the name in the primitive Church was often used indifferently; 3d. that fasting and praying were constant preparatives for holy orders. B.

Verse 24. This Antioch was a sea-port in Pamphylia. V.

Verse 25. From whence they had been delivered, up to their ministry, and their apostolical mission by the grace of God; that is, where they had been first chosen by the direction of the Spirit of God, ordained priests and bishops, and had received power, and graces to discharge their offices of apostles. Witham.

Verse 27. No little time. It is not precisely known how long he remained there, nor what he did. Saint Luke relates nothing of what happened from the 46th year of Christ to the 51st, in which the Council of Jerusalem was held. It is probable Saint Paul spent that time carrying the gospel among the neighbouring provinces. Calmet.