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After this, David defeated the Philistines and subdued them, and took Gath and its towns out of the hand of the Philistines.
Verse 1. Daughters. Villages (See 2 Kennicott. 8:1. Menochius.) and dependant towns. Worthington.
He defeated Moab; and the Moabites became servants to David and brought tribute.
Verse 2. Gifts. Hebrew mincha, a word used to denote the offerings of bread, and so forth Leviticus 2. Here it signifies the tribute ( Calmet.) imposed on the conquered. Bible.
David defeated Hadadezer king of Zobah, toward Hamath, as he went to establish his dominion by the river Euphrates.
Verse 3. Adarezer, or Adadezer, 2 Kennicott.—When he, the king of Soba, went to extend. Hebrew “to strengthened his hand on the,” and so forth—Hand often denotes power, extent, possession.
David took from him one thousand chariots, seven thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen; and David hamstrung all the chariot horses, but reserved of them enough for one hundred chariots.
Verse 4. Footmen. Hebrew may well signify, “1000 chariot-horses and 7000 men who mounted the chariots and the horses.” We only find 1700 horsemen. 2 Kennicott. 8:4. But soon after it is added, David houghed all the chariot-horses. Calmet.—They were thus rendered useless. The king was forbidden to keep many horses. D.
When the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David struck twenty-two thousand men of the Syrians.
Verse 5. Damascus. Hebrew “Aram of Darmesek.” Elsewhere the r is omitted.
Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus; and the Syrians became servants to David and brought tribute. The LORD gave victory to David wherever he went.
Verse 6. A garrison. Lit. “soldiers.” This word has been lost by the neglect of some Hebrew transcriber. Calmet.—Prot. supply it. Bible.
David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem.
Verse 7. Quivers. Hebrew “the shields,” and so forth The term is variously translated, 2 Kennicott.
From Tibhath and from Cun, cities of Hadadezer, David took very much bronze, with which Solomon made the bronze sea, the pillars, and the vessels of bronze.
Verse 8. Chun, called probably Betath, and Berothai. 2 Kennicott.
When Tou king of Hamath heard that David had struck all the army of Hadadezer king of Zobah,
he sent Hadoram his son to King David to greet him and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer and struck him (for Hadadezer had wars with Tou); and he had with him all kinds of vessels of gold and silver and bronze.
Verse 10. Adoram, or Joram, ib.—Desire. Hebrew “to ask if all went well with him, and to bless him.
King David also dedicated these to the LORD, with the silver and the gold that he carried away from all the nations: from Edom, from Moab, from the children of Ammon, from the Philistines, and from Amalek.
Verse 11. Edom, or rather Syria, (Aram) which might easily be exchanged for Edom. 2 Kennicott. 8. David could not satisfy his devotion by building a temple; but he made preparations. Solomon left part of the treasures unconsumed, 1 Chronicles 26:26. Calmet.—These effects, being destined for sacred uses, are said to be consecrated to the Lord. Worthington.
Moreover Abishai the son of Zeruiah struck eighteen thousand of the Edomites in the Valley of Salt.
Verse 12. Edomites. David seems to have been present, and the victory is sometimes attributed to him. Joab afterwards slew 18,000. 3 Kennicott. 11:15 title of Psalms 9. Saint Jerome Trad. Calmet.—Pits. This place was fatal to that nation: there Amasias destroyed 20,000, 2 Chronicles 25:12. Tirinus.
He put garrisons in Edom; and all the Edomites became servants to David. The LORD gave victory to David wherever he went.
David reigned over all Israel; and he executed justice and righteousness for all his people.
Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder;
Zadok the son of Ahitub and Abimelech the son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was scribe;
Verse 16. Abiathar and Achimelech had both names indifferently. Hebrew reads Abimelech, which is a manifest mistake. The name of Abiathar perhaps ought to be in the place of Achimelech; as we know that he was the son of the latter, and the high priest under David. Some would translate, “and Abiathar, son of Achimelech.”—Susa, or Saraias, secretary.
and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and the sons of David were chief officials serving the king.
Verse 17. About. Lit. “at the hand of the king,” to execute his orders, and to assist him. Septuagint “vicegerents.” Syr. “princes.” They are styled priests. 2 Kennicott. 8:18.