Verse 1. Maheleth. A musical instrument, or chorus of musicians, to answer one another, ( Challoner.) in doleful music. Worthington.—See Psalms 41 and 52. Menochius.—Hebrew may imply, “on infirmity, (Mont.) or sorrow,” from ele. Bert.—The subject is very mournful, and relates to the captives, and to Christ’s suffering. Calmet.—Understanding. Or a psalm of instruction, composed by Eman, the Ezrahite, or by David, in his name. Challoner.—We read of Eman, a descendant of Juda by Zara, (1 Chronicles 2:6. Calmet.) and if he composed this piece, as the Jews and Lightfoot improbably suppose, it must be the most ancient ( Calmet.) writing extant. Bible.—There was a son of Joel, and a seer of king David, of the same name. 1 Chronicles 6:33 and 25:1. But they are not styled Ezrahites. This person was probably the brother of Ethan, the Ezrahite, who might be young under David, and a man of consummate wisdom under his successor. 3 Kennicott. 4:31. The psalm may express the sentiments of David, or of any other under tribulation, as well as those of Jesus Christ, (Bert.) who speaks herein, (Houbigant) and who expects that we should answer him by an imitation of his virtues. Saint Augustine Worthington.—The Ezrahite. Hebrew haezrachi. Bible.—Septuagint and so forth read incorrectly, “Israelite,” ( Calmet.) and some copies have “Aitham,” or Ethan, as in the following psalm, instead of Eman. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 2. Thee. The psalm 21st is nearly similar to this. My prayer is continual. Calmet.
Psalms
Verse 3. Prayer. It represented as a person prostrated before God. Homer (Iliad ix.) says, that “supplications are the daughters of Jupiter, lame … with the eyes downcast, and following after injuries,” which admirably shews the conditions requisite for prayer. Calmet.
Psalms
Verse 4. Hell. The grave, or captivity. Calmet.—Our Saviour said, My soul is sorrowful unto death. David, Jeremias, or the captives, were not reduced to this extremity. Bert.
Psalms
Verse 5. Pit. Like a slave confined every night in prison. Exodus 12:29.
Psalms
Verse 6. Free. Hebrew also “separated” from society. 4 Kennicott. 15:5 and 2 Chronicles 26:21. Calmet.—Christ, after enduring the greatest miseries was still free. He could resign his life, and take it up again. John 10:18. Bible.—The Fathers adopt this explanation, which is very striking. Calmet.—Hand. Thou actest as if thou hadst forgotten the corpse in the dust, till the time of the resurrection. Saint Augustine Bert.—In the mean while, those who formerly made such a noise in the world, are effaced from the book of life, or from God’s register. He is often represented as a great monarch, keeping an account of his troops. Calmet.—He cannot forget any of his creatures, (Bert.) though he may not restore them to life as yet. Menochius.—Christ possessed infinite power among the dead, ( Worthington.) who are free from the cares of this world. Menochius.
Psalms
Verse 7. They. Hebrew “thou hast.”—Shadow. Hebrew “in the depths,” seem to have read a, v, and m, in those two places, which are now wanting. Houbig.—The Chal. has, the shadow of death, as well as the Vulg. All this regards Jesus Christ, though it may be applied to any in distress. Bert.—The wicked endeavour to kill the soul by sin, as well as the body. Worthington.—Great difficulties entangle the psalmist: Christ descends into hell. Menochius.
Psalms
Verse 8. Waves. Of afflictions. Christ bore our iniquities. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 9. Delivered up, to prison. Bert.—The disciples abandoned our Saviour; Saint Peter, with a curse, denied that he ever knew him, (Mar. 14:71. Bible.) and Judas betrayed him. It is not so easy to explain this of the captives in general, though it might refer to the psalmist. Calmet.—At Babylon, the Israelites were not imprisoned, but left to multiply. Jeremiah 29:5. Bert.
Psalms
Verse 10. Poverty. Or “affliction.” Sym.—To thee, for aid, (Psalms 27:2) or to implore pardon for sinners. Thus Jesus prayed for us on the cross, ( Calmet.) with his hands stretched out ready to receive the penitent. Bible.—Septuagint have read rupaim ikimu for ropaim ikumu, “shall the dead arise?” Amama.
Psalms
Verse 11. Physicians. Saint Jerome “will the giants rise again?” Bible.—These were heroes of great renown. Calmet.—But they were consigned to hell, whence there was no redemption. Job 25:5. Proverbs 9.—The author insinuates that if the true adorers be cut off, God’s external glory will be diminished. Bible.—This argument is often pressed. Isaiah 38. Psalms 113.—Rephaim ( Bible.) denotes physicians, as well as giants. Genesis 50:2 and 2 Chronicles 17:12. The Thalmud sentences “the best of them to hell.” Amama.—Their power does not extend to the dead. Bert.—The psalmist prays to be preserved from death, not expecting to be raised again miraculously. Worthington.—Yet Christ contemplates his future glorious resurrection. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 13. Of, and so forth Septuagint “forgotten land.” Securos latices & longa oblivia potant. Æn. vi. Calmet.—When dead, I shall not be able to sound forth thy praises before men: much less shall those do it, who are confined to the regions of darkness. Worthington.
Psalms
Verse 15. Prayer. Some copies of the Septuagint read “soul,” with the Hebrew and so forth Calmet.—Why dost thou neglect to grant my request, which I urge with all the earnestness of my soul? Bible.—This may relate to Jesus in the garden. Calmet.—His prayer prevents, or is presented early, ( Menochius.) and with the truest fervour to the Lord, who moves us to pray. Bible.
Psalms
Verse 16. Exalted. On the cross, or arrived at the years of manhood, (Bert. Worthington.) I have experienced the greatest contradictions. David was brought up in poverty, like our Saviour, and the exaltation of both attested with great trials. Bert.—The life of Christ was a continual martyrdom. Menochius.—He had all his sufferings in view from his first conception.
Psalms
Verse 17. Troubled me. The enemy has laid waste the country. This agrees with Christ in his agony. Calmet.—Unhappy the sinner, upon whom the wrath of God remains, (John 3:36) and does not merely come; lit. pass, transierunt. Bert.
Psalms
Verse 19. Misery. Hebrew “darkness.” Thou hast permitted my friends to abandon me, and hast exposed me to disgrace. Calmet.—They were afraid lest they might be involved in my calamities, ( Menochius.) if they appeared in my defence, ( Bible.) or seemed to know me. D.