Job
Verse 1. Hus. The land of Hus was a part of Edom; as appears from Lament. 4:21.—Simple. That is, innocent, sincere, and without guile, ( Challoner.) in opposition to hypocrites and double dealers. Calmet.—Hebrew Tam, “perfect.”
EXPLANATIONS
Job 1
Historical chapter commentary
Job
Verse 3. Sheep. Hebrew including “goats,” which are equally valuable in that country for milk.—Camels. These animals were used for riding in those barren sands, where they can travel for four days without water; and that which is muddy is best for them.—East, in the desert Arabia. Septuagint add at the end of the book, that Job was king; and he seems to have been independent, ( Calmet.) and to have had other kings who acknowledged his authority. Pineda. Calmet. 29:7. and so forth—Each city had its own king in the days of Abraham and of Josue. Job, or Jobab, resided at Denaba. Genesis 36:32. Calmet.
Job
Verse 4. His day of the week in succession; (Pineda) or each on his birthday, (Genesis 40:20. Matthew 14:6. Grot.) or once a month, and so forth The daughters of Job were probably unmarried.
Job
Verse 5. Blessed. For greater horror of the very thought of blasphemy, the Scripture both here and verse 11, and in the following chapter (5:5 and 9) uses the word bless, to signify its contrary. Challoner. 3 Kennicott. 21:10.—Thus the Greeks styled the furies Eumenides, “the kind,” out of a horror of their real name. Even those who are the best inclined, can hardly speak of God without some want of respect, ( Calmet.) in the midst of feasts, where the neglect of saying grace is also too common. Bible.—Septuagint “they have thought evil against God.” Every kind of offence may be included, to which feasting leads. Menochius.
Job
Verse 6. The sons of God. The angels, ( Challoner.) as the Septuagint express it. Calmet.—Satan also, and so forth This passage represents to us in a figure, accommodated to the ways and understandings of men, 1. The restless endeavours of satan against the servants of God. 2. That he can do nothing without God’s permission. 3. That God doth not permit him to tempt them above their strength: but assists them by his divine grace in such manner, that the vain efforts of the enemy only serve to illustrate their virtue and increase their merit. Challoner.—A similar prosopopeia occurs, 3 Kennicott. 22:19. Zechariah 1:10. Calmet.—Devils appear not in God’s sight, but sometimes in presence of angels, who represent God. Saint Athanasius q. 8. ad Antioc, ( Worthington.) or some ancient author.—The good angels can make known their orders to them. Zechariah 3:1. Jude 9. Both good and bad spirits may be considered as the ministers of God. Calmet.—They appear in judgment; though the latter could not see the Lord.
Job
Verse 9. In vain, without recompense. Bible.
Job
Verse 11. Face, like a hypocrite, (Sanctius) or rather curse thee openly, verse 5. Bible.
Job
Verse 12. Hand. God permits evils. Worthington.—The devil can do nothing without leave. Calmet.
Job
Verse 15. Sabeans, descended from Abraham, in the desert ( Calmet.) or happy Arabia. These nations lived on plunder. Pliny vi. 28. Menochius.
Job
Verse 16. Heaven, or the air, where the devils exercise a power. Ephes. 2:2.
Job
Verse 17. Chaldeans. Some copies of the Septuagint read “horsemen.” These nations inhabited the other side of the Euphrates, but made frequent incursions to plunder their neighbours. Calmet.
Job
Verse 20. Head. Hebrew torn his hair, and rolled in the dust. Bochart. Isaiah 15:2. and so forth Calmet.—The fathers oppose this example to the apathy of the stoics. Saint Augustine de Civ. Dei. i. 9. Romans 1:31.
Job
Verse 21. Thither. To that earth from which all are taken. Bible.—Ista terra gentes omnes peperit & resumet demum. Varro.—Ut ater operiens. Pliny ii. 63. See 1 Timothy 6:7.—As … done. Some copies of S. Jerom omit this, which is borrowed from the Septuagint Calmet.
Job
Verse 22. By his lips, is not in Hebrew but occurs Calmet. 2:10.—God. Much less did he blaspheme, as satan had said, verse 11. He did not consider all as the effect of chance, or like a mere philosopher. His thoughts were regulated by religion and the fear of God. Calmet.—The virtue of Job was so much the more wonderful, as he lived among the wicked. Saint Gregory He bore patiently with the loss of all things: and English Catholics have often imitated him. Worthington.—He might well record his own good actions, the gifts of God, being moved by divine inspiration, like Moses, and so forth Saint Gregory
Job
The Hebrew word rendered “God” is “אֱלֹהִ֑ים” (Elohim).
Job
When rendered in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, “LORD” or “GOD” is the translation of God’s Proper Name (Hebrew “יהוה”, usually pronounced Yahweh).
Job
“Behold”, from “הִנֵּה”, means look at, take notice, observe, see, or gaze at. It is often used as an interjection.