OLD TESTAMENT

2 Maccabees 7

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1

It came to pass that seven brothers and their mother were at the king’s command taken and shamefully handled with scourges and cords, to compel them to taste of the abominable swine’s flesh.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 1. Scourges, made of leather thongs; taureis. Bible.—These brethren are styled Machabees; as Judas rendered this name so famous, that all who suffered or fought valiantly for religion in those times, went by this appellation. Josephus has much embellished this history, and Erasmus still more. The tombs of these martyrs were shewn at Antioch. Calmet.—Their names are not known. Bible.—Those who wish to see more, may consult the large discourse of Josephus on the Machabees, ( Worthington.) though this work be contested, and S. Cyp. iv. ep. 6. Saint Ambrose i. of. 40. Saint John Chrysostom Aug. Leo, and so forth Worthington.

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2

One of them made himself the spokesman and said, “What would you ask and learn from us? For we are ready to die rather than transgress the laws of our ancestors.”

3

The king fell into a rage, and commanded that pans and caldrons be heated.

4

When these were immediately heated, he gave orders to cut out the tongue of him who had been their spokesman, and to scalp him, and to cut off his extremities, with the rest of his brothers and his mother looking on.

5

And when he was utterly maimed, the king gave orders to bring him to the fire, being yet alive, and to fry him in the pan. And as the smoke from the pan spread far, they and their mother also exhorted one another to die nobly, saying this:

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Greek useless.

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6

“The Lord God sees, and in truth is entreated for us, as Moses declared in his song, which witnesses against the people to their faces, saying, ‘And he will have compassion on his servants.’”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 6. Pleasure. Lit. “be comforted,” as the Septuagint translate, ( Bible.) Deuteronomy 32:36. It may imply that God will avenge or chastise his servants, and then restore them to favour. This latter sense is here adopted. verse 35.

EXPLANATION

Or, comforted in

EXPLANATION

See Deuteronomy 31:21 and 32:36.

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7

And when the first had died like this, they brought the second to the mocking; and they pulled off the skin of his head with the hair and asked him, “Will you eat, before your body is punished in every limb?”

8

But he answered in the language of his ancestors and said to them, “No.” Therefore he also underwent the next torture in succession, as the first had done.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 8. Language. The Jews have always been very attentive to their own language, though they be forced to learn others for the sake of commerce, and to hold conversation with those among whom they live. This young man, no doubt, understood Greek, in which language his brother had probably spoken. The mother addressed her children in the Hebrew or Syriac tongue. verse 21. 27. Calmet.

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9

When he was at the last gasp, he said, “You, miscreant, release us out of this present life, but the King of the world will raise us who have died for his laws up to an everlasting renewal of life.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 9. Most wicked. The martyrs have sometimes been inspired by God to speak in harsh language to magistrates; though their office generally commands respect. Bible.—Life. The resurrection is clearly specified in all these answers. The Redeemer was near at hand. Calmet.—Christiani fuerunt … factis. Saint Augustine ser. i. 2.

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10

After him, the third was made a victim of their mocking. When he was required, he quickly put out his tongue, and stretched out his hands courageously,

11

and nobly said, “I got these from heaven. For his laws’ sake I treat these with contempt. From him, I hope to receive these back again.”

12

As a result, the king himself and those who were with him were astonished at the young man’s soul, for he regarded the pains as nothing.

13

When he too was dead, they shamefully handled and tortured the fourth in the same way.

14

Being near to death he said this: “It is good to die at the hands of men and look for the hope which is given by God, that we will be raised up again by him. For as for you, you will have no resurrection to life.”

15

Next after him, they brought the fifth and shamefully handled him.

16

But he looked toward the king and said, “Because you have authority among men, though you are corruptible, you do what you please. But don’t think that our race has been forsaken by God.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 16. Power. Nothing could be more free than this answer, which greatly resembles that of Christ. John 19:11. Calmet.

EXPLANATION

Greek him.

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17

But hold on to your ways, and see how his sovereign majesty will torture you and your descendants!”

18

After him they brought the sixth. When he was about to die, he said, “Don’t be vainly deceived, for we suffer these things for our own doings, as sinning against our own God. Astounding things have come to pass;

19

but don’t think that you will be unpunished, having tried to fight against God!”

20

But above all, the mother was marvelous and worthy of honorable memory; for when she watched seven sons perishing within the space of one day, she bore the sight with a good courage because of her hope in the Lord.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 20. Seven. the last was not yet dead: but he was before this was written, so that the mother’s praise was perfect. Bible.

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21

She exhorted each one of them in the language of their fathers, filled with a noble spirit and stirring up her woman’s thoughts with manly courage, saying to them,

22

“I don’t know how you came into my womb. It wasn’t I who gave you your spirit and your life. It wasn’t I who brought into order the first elements of each one of you.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 22. Womb. This has always astonished the learned, the infant being formed often against the woman’s desire. Job 10:10. Wisd. 7:2. Saint Augustine anima i. 15. Calmet.

EXPLANATION

Or, breath

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23

Therefore the Creator of the world, who shaped the first origin of man and devised the first origin of all things, in mercy gives back to you again both your spirit and your life, as you now treat yourselves with contempt for his laws’ sake.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Or, breath

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24

But Antiochus, thinking himself to be despised, and suspecting the reproachful voice, while the youngest was yet alive didn’t only make his appeal to him by words, but also at the same time promised with oaths that he would enrich him and raise him to high honor if he would turn from the ways of his ancestors, and that he would take him for his friend and entrust him with public affairs.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 24. Despising. Lit. “despising the voice of the insulter.” Greek “fearing or perceiving that the speech was reproachful.” Bible.—Syr. “turned aside not to hear the reproaches,” and so forth He did not understand Hebrew; but perceiving the constancy of the young men, he thought that their mother exhorted them to refuse compliance. Calmet.—Happy. This is beyond the power of riches or of any king. Bible.

EXPLANATION

Greek make him one that is counted happy.

EXPLANATION

See 2 Maccabees 8:9.

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25

But when the young man would in no way listen, the king called to him his mother, and urged her to advise the youth to save himself.

26

When he had urged her with many words, she undertook to persuade her son.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 26. Promised. A promise regards something good; so that if a person should even bind himself by an oath to do evil, he must refrain, as to comply would he another sin. Worthington.—This woman promised to counsel, but not as the king wished, ( Bible.) to gain a prolongation of life and worldly honours for her son. Menochius.—Such an equivocation was lawful. Worthington.—The king might blame himself if he was deceived. Bible.

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27

But bending toward him, laughing the cruel tyrant to scorn, she spoke this in the language of her fathers: “My son, have pity upon me who carried you nine months in my womb, and nursed you three years, and nourished and brought you up to this age, and sustained you.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 27. Three years. So long physicians judged it best for children to suck, till they could take solid meat. Vales. lxxxiii. Genesis 21:8. Calmet.—“Chrysippus assigns three years for the nurse.” Quint. i. 1.

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28

I beg you, my child, to lift your eyes to the sky and the earth, and to see all things that are in it, and thus to recognize that God made them not of things that were, and that the race of men in this way comes into being.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 28. Nothing, not out of pre-existent and eternal matter. Saint Augustine Nat. boni xxvi. Romans 4:17.—So God can reduce all to nothing. Calmet. 8:18.

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29

Don’t be afraid of this butcher, but, proving yourself worthy of your brothers, accept your death, that in God’s mercy I may receive you again with your brothers.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 29. Mercy, in eternity of bliss. verse 23. Syr. Calmet.

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30

But before she had finished speaking, the young man said, “What are you all waiting for? I don’t obey the commandment of the king, but I listen to the commandment of the law that was given to our fathers through Moses.

31

But you, who have devised all kinds of evil against the Hebrews, will in no way escape God’s hands.

32

For we are suffering because of our own sins.

33

If for rebuke and chastening, our living Lord has been angered a little while, yet he will again be reconciled with his own servants.

34

But you, O unholy man and of all most vile, don’t be vainly lifted up in your wild pride with uncertain hopes, raising your hand against the heavenly children.

35

For you have not yet escaped the judgment of the Almighty God who sees all things.

36

For these our brothers, having endured a short pain that brings everlasting life, have now died under God’s covenant. But you, through God’s judgment, will receive in just measure the penalties of your arrogance.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 36. Life. Greek “short labour of eternal life, are fallen under the covenant of God.” Bible.—They enjoy that life which God promised.

EXPLANATION

Greek short pain of ever-flowing life.

EXPLANATION

Greek fallen. By the omission of one Greek letter the words would signify having endured a short pain, have now drunk of ever-flowing life under God’s covenant.

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37

But I, as my brothers, give up both body and soul for the laws of our fathers, calling upon God that he may speedily become gracious to the nation, and that you, amidst trials and plagues, may confess that he alone is God,

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 37. God. This was accomplished, verse 17. Calmet. 9:15.

EXPLANATION

Greek propitious.

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38

and that in me and my brothers you may bring to an end the wrath of the Almighty which has been justly brought upon our whole race.”

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 38. Cease. The persecution was severe, but short. Judas the next year ( A. 3838. Calmet.) began to liberate the nation, ( Bible.) by God’s mercy. Calmet. 8:5, 27.

EXPLANATION

Some authorities read may be stayed.

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39

But the king, falling into a rage, handled him worse than all the rest, being exasperated at his mocking.

40

So he also died pure, putting his whole trust in the Lord.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 40. Undefiled, by idolatry. We read 4 Mac. that he threw himself into a boiling cauldron; ( Calmet.) and Josephus says his mother “jumped into the fire that she might not be touched by any.” But this is uncertain. The Church honours S. Apollonia, who acted thus; (Feb. ix.) it is supposed by divine inspiration. Bible.

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41

Last of all, after her sons, the mother died.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 41. Consumed. Greek “died” ( Bible.) of joy: (Sixth. Bib. v. Victoria) she place herself amid the dead bodies, and begged of God to release her soul; which was granted. Arab. Gorion.—But most believe that she suffered martyrdom immediately after her children. Jos. and so forth—The Church honoured these martyrs from the earliest ages, and before any other of the Old Testament. We may justly style them the martyrs of the resurrection, as none at that time had spoken of it so distinctly. SS. Naz. Max. of Turin, Gaudentius, and so forth have pronounced panegyrics upon them.

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42

Let it then suffice to have said thus much concerning the sacrificial feasts and the extreme tortures.

ExplanationCommentary
EXPLANATION

Verse 42. Sacrifices. Greek σπλαγχνισμους. Calmet. 6:21. Bible.—Read 1 B. 2:1 where the wars begun by Mathathias, and persecuted by Judas, are recorded. Worthington.

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