Verse 1. Darius Hystaspes. Calmet.—When the Jews had no king, the prophets dated from the reign of the monarch on whom they were dependent. Theod.—Sixth; Elul, the last of the civil year, corresponding with our September. The harvest had been bad, and Aggeus assigns the reason. Calmet.—Governor. Lit. “duke,” or captain. Septuagint “of the tribe of Juda.” Bible.—He descended from the kings of Juda, and was now chief governor by leave of Darius. Worthington.—Yet Cyrus had appointed Sarasar, (1 Ezra 1:8) who perhaps, after the death of Cambyses, fled; Zorobabel and Jesus are designated judges, and a crown is made for them. Calmet. 2:24. Zechariah 3 and 6:11. Still Thartanai, governor beyond the Euphrates, took cognizance of the Jewish affairs. 1 Ezra 5:3. The prince of Juda was therefore under him. Zorobabel was son or grandson of Salathiel, (1 Chronicles 3:17) or was adopted by him, being born of Phadaia. Calmet.—Josedec, who was led into captivity. 1 Chronicles 6:15.
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Verse 2. Yet come. God’s service must be restored without delay, and manners reformed; as otherwise many will be lost eternally. Worthington.—The Jews refrained from commencing the temple till the time marked out by Jeremias, 25:11. Zechariah 1:7. Calmet.—From the beginning of the last siege sixty-nine years had elapsed. Usher, A. 3485.—Others, reflecting on the obstacles placed by Cyrus and Cambyses, thought it was not yet time to work at the temple: but these were only pretexts. The kingdom was now held by another family, and the former decrees abolished. Fear of labour, therefore, was the only impediment.
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Verse 4. Ceiled: superbly adorned. Hebrew “covered.” You are not content with what is merely necessary, while the temple lies in ruins. Calmet.
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Verse 5. Ways. Sound the real motives of your neglect. Bible.—See if your misfortunes do not originate in this cause, and if God does not require you to build the temple. verse 9. Calmet.
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Verse 6. Filled. Lit. “inebriated,” ( Bible.) so as to become cheerful. Saint Jerome
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Verse 8. The mountain Libanus. Wood had been purchased before, but had been used for other purposes. 1 Ezra 3:7. Now the people went to procure more. The following year Darius confirmed the decree of Cyrus, which was a change plainly effected by Providence. Calmet.
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Verse 11. Drought. Hebrew choreb, ( Bible.) is rendered the sword, by the Septuagint and may best signify “a burning wind,” according to the different pronunciation. Saint Jerome—This was not then determined by the vowel points ( Calmet.) of the Masora. Zephaniah 2:14. Bible.
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Verse 13. Messenger. To excite the people’s attention, Aggeus declares that he is sent by God, ( Worthington.) like the prophets of old. Some Jews have asserted ( Calmet.) that he, Malachias, the Baptist, and Jacob, were angels incarnate. But let us leave (Saint Jerome) these learned dreams. Calmet.—They have no better foundation than the ambiguity of malac, which signifies “an angel, or a messenger.” Bible.—With you. This is often repeated, to encourage the dejected people. Menochius.
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Verse 14. Work. Septuagint “works.” Bible.—They prepared materials, and began the temple on the 24th of the ninth month. Calmet. 2:16. 19. Menochius.
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When rendered in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, “LORD” or “GOD” is the translation of God’s Proper Name (Hebrew “יהוה”, usually pronounced Yahweh).
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“Behold”, from “הִנֵּה”, means look at, take notice, observe, see, or gaze at. It is often used as an interjection.
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The Hebrew word rendered “God” is “אֱלֹהִ֑ים” (Elohim).