Ain Ibl – The church of the Our Lady

Ain Warka Monastery, Ghosta, Lebanon

Name in arabic:  دير ومدرسة عين ورقة - غوسطا

Year built:  1660

City:  Ghosta

District:  Keserwan

Governorate:  Mount Lebanon

History: 

من أهم أديرة غوسطا، أسّسه المطران جرجس خيرالله أسطفان سنة 1660. وفي 14 أيلول 1698 كرّس كنيسة الدير البطريرك أسطفان الدويهي. في العام 1789 وقّع خلفه البطريرك يوسف أسطفان صك تحويل الدير الى مدرسة اكليريكيّة. وافتُتحت مدرسة عين ورقة سنة 1797-1798 على عهد البطريرك يوسف التيّان على قوانين وبرامج المدرسة المارونيّة في روما. ولم تلبث أن ضاهت جامعات أوروبا، فكانت أول جامعة في الشرق، حتى لقّبها مارون عبود بـ"سوربون الشرق"، حيث كانت تدرّس فيها خمس لغات الى جانب العلوم اللاهوتيّة والفلسفيّة. وقد قيل على سبيل المزاح أنّ "دجاجات عين ورقة تتكلم خمس لغات". خرّجت المدرسة أربعة بطاركة وعشرون مطرانًا، وعنها نشأت المدارس الأخرى التي انتشرت في البلاد، وخرّجت روّاد النهضة العربيّة في القرن التاسع عشر. هي اليوم ميتم بعهدة راهبات القربان الأقدس المارونيّات.
The monastery of Ain Warqa
Located in Ghosta Keserwan, it was built by Bishop Gerges Khairallah Estefan in 1660. The grand church was dedicated by Patriarch Stephen Doueihi on the 14th of September year 1698. During the pontificate of Patriarch Joseph Estephan, the monastery was transformed into a seminary in 1789. The first scholastic year was in 1797-1798 during the pontificate of Patriarch Joseph Tyan, according to the curriculum of the Maronite Grand Seminary in Rome. The reputation of the school was so great that it competed with the grand seminaries of Europe, and ranked first in the Middle East. The seminary was even called by the great author Maroun Abboud “the Sorbone of the East”. The curriculum included five languages, along with theological, philosophical, and scientific studies.The most important alumnus where four patriarchs and twenty bishops, and a great numer of notable writers and scientists that were the pioneers of the Arabic renaissance during the nineteenth century. The school was also named the mother of all schools in Syria and Lebanon. Today it is used as a foster home in the custody of the Maronite sisters of the Most Blessed Sacrament.

Deir Saydet el Natour, Hraiche, Lebanon

Name in arabic:  سيدة الناطور

City:  Enfeh

District:  Koura

Governorate:  North

History: 

The convent’s ancient origin is attached to a legend. A rich man of the region committed adultery; filled with remorse, he attached a padlocked iron chain to his ankle and threw the key into the sea-shore and survived on the fish brought to him by local fishermen, who called him the guardian of the cavern. One day, a fisherman brought him a fish, in whose entrails the hermit found the key of the padlock. He knew then that God had delivered him from his suffering, and he built a convent above the cavern. He dedicated it to The Mother of God, but it also took the name of the Guardian.

The daily life of the convent is regulated by the flow of visitors who come to fulfill vows and make prayers. Sister Catherine al-Jamal is the principal resident of Dayr al-Natour, and she has done everything within her power to restore it.

According to the Crusader document, the Monastery of the Presentation of Our Lady Natour was built by Cistercians. Indeed, the Church interior resembles that of the Cistercian Church of Balamand, built in 1157. Otherwise, the history of Dayr al-Natour is hidden in obscurity, although it is said that the local Orthodox community took it over after the departure of the Crusaders. Its name is almost unmentioned by historical sources during the Mamluk and most of the Ottoman period, although it is reported that French corsairs attacked the Monastery at the beginning of the eighteenth century and killed a monk.

In 1838, the Ottoman authorities gave permission to the Monastery to be rebuilt. In the second half of the nineteenth century, it contained several monks and a superior, and it possessed fifteen dunums of land. During the First World War, it was bombarded by a Russian ship. A few years later, the Monastery lost its last Superior, Basilios Debs, who became Archbishop of Akkar. After his departure, monastic life ended at Dayr al-Natour.

During the twentieth century, the deserted monastery became a refuge for shepherds from the neighboring regions. In 1973, Sister Catherine al-Jamal moved to Dayr al-Natour and began to restore it from its ruin.

محبسة مار جرجس, Hadchit, Lebanon

Name in arabic:  دير مار جرجس الأحباش

City:  Ouadi Qannoubine

District:  Bcharre

Governorate:  North

History: 

دير مار جرجس الأحباش - وادي قنوبين

الدّير عبارة عن كهفٍ طبيعيٍّ يقع في وسط الجُرف الصخريّ ويضمُ كنيسةً ومدفنًا وبعض القلالي. يتمّ الوصول إليه عبر درجٍ من الحجارة المنحوتة. بنى الدّير رهبان مونوفيزيّين جاؤوا من الحبشة في القرن الثاني عشر بقصد التنسك. الكنيسة كناية عن تجويفٍ طبيعيًّ حُفرت حنيتها على شكل عقدٍ مكسورٍ مُليّسة بالكلس، ومزيّنة برسومٍ جداريّة ذات أشكال هندسيّة تنتمي لفنّ الكنيسة الحبشيّة. في الكنيسة كذلك مذبح مربّع الشكل.

The monastery of St George of the Abyssinians - the valley of Qannoubine

The monastery is a natural cave in a cliff consisting of a church, a necropolis and some cells. It is accessible trough a carved stair. The monastery was built by Jacobite monks from Abyssinia during the XIIth century. The church is a natural cave with a carved apse covered by limestone gypson with a geometrical motif fresco from the Ethiopian art tradition, the church also has a squared altar.